54 RUTICILLA 



tail-feathers blackish brown ; middle of abdomen whitish. Culmen 0'55, 

 wing 3*5, tail 2*95, tarsus 0'95 inch. The female has the upper parts 

 greyish brown, the upper tail-coverts and tail as in the male ; less white 

 on the wings ; under parts greyish brown, the middle of abdomen and 

 under tail-coverts whitish. In winter the male has the plumage obscured 

 by buffy white or buffy brown margins to the feathers. 



Hob. Asia from the Ural and Transcaspia to Lake Baikal and 

 South-west Mongolia, south to Bushire ; winters in Turkestan, 

 Afghanistan, and Kashmir west to Asia Minor. 



Frequents wooded and bush-covered localities, and differs but 

 little from its allies in general habits. Breeds in Eastern 

 Siberia, but I do not find any published description of its nest 

 or eggs. 



83. PRJEVALSKY'S REDSTART. 

 RUTICILLA ALASCHANICA. 



Ruticilla alaschanica, Prjv. Mongol i Strana Tangut, ii. p. 40, Taf. ix. 

 fig. 2 (1876) ; id. in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 175, pi. liv. fig. 2 

 (1877). 



ad. (Kansu). Differs from R. erythronota in being larger and having 

 as a rule a longer tail ; the black on the sides of the head and neck is 

 replaced by dark slate grey and the crown and nape are dark slate grey, 

 darker than in that species. Culmen 0'7, wing 3'55, tail 3'45, tarsus 0'9 

 inch. 



$ ad. Does not differ from R. erythronota except in size. 



Hob. The Alaschan and southern Koko-nor mountains, and 

 those in the province of Kan-su. 



It breeds in the Sjan-si-bei mountains on the upper 

 Chuanche, but its nest and eggs are, so far as I can ascertain, 

 unknown. 



84. BLACK REDSTART. 

 RUTICILLA TITYS. 



Ruticilla titys (Scop.), Ann. 1 Hist. Nat. p. 157, No. 233 (1769) ; 

 (Hewitson), i. p. 105, pi. xxix. fig. 3 ; Naumann, iii, p. 525, Taf. 

 79, figs. 3, 4 ; Gould, B. of E. ii. pi. 96 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. ii. pi. 

 52 ; Newton, i. p. 333 ; Dresser, ii. p. 293, pi. 29 ; Saunders, p. 33 ; 

 Lilford, iii. p. 16, pi. 8 ; R. cairii, Gerbe. Diet. Univ. d'Hist. Nat. 

 xi. p. 259 (1848). 



Rouge-queue des Murailles, French ; Rabiruiva, Portug. ; 

 Culirojo, Tintorero, Span. ; Coder vsso-spazzacamino, Ital. ; Haus- 



