66 CALLIOPE 



Gunpigora, Beng. ; Gangula, Nep. 



$ ad. (Ural). Upper parts wood-brown tinged with olive, the head 

 darker, a line from the forehead over the eye and a moustachial stripe 

 white ; lores and space below the eye black ; throat and fore-neck bright 

 scarlet and bordered with deep slate-grey ; upper breast brownish grey ; 

 lower breast and flanks buffy grey, rest of the under parts white ; bill brown, 

 whitish at the base ; legs plumbeous brown ; iris brown. Culmen 0'55, 

 Aving 3*0, tail 2'6, tarsus 1*1 inch. The female lacks the red throat, this 

 part being dull white, the superciliary line is buffy white and the 

 moustachial line is absent ; rest of the under parts dull light brown, but 

 the centre of the abdomen is white. The young bird is mottled. 



Hob. Asia, north to the Arctic Circle, east to Japan, south to 

 Mongolia and northern China, wintering in southern China, 

 Burma, India, and the Philippines ; has occurred in the Ural 

 district and the Caucasus, and has strayed as far west in Europe 

 as France, and possibly to England (cf. Ibis, 1901, p. 158). 



It inhabits wooded* localities near water, both on the plains 

 and in the hills to the limit of tree growth, and is shy and wary 

 in its habits, creeping amongst the dense willow thickets, and 

 seldom venturing into the open when disturbed. Its song is 

 soft and sweet, but somewhat unvaried. It feeds on insects 

 which it obtains chiefly on the ground and constantly erects its 

 tail when hopping about. Its nest is placed on the ground at 

 the foot of a bush or amongst dense herbage, and is constructed 

 of dried grasses and lined with fine bents. Its eggs, 4 or 5 in 

 number, are deposited late in June or early in July, and are 

 greenish blue sparingly marked, chiefly at the larger end, with 

 pale red spots. In size they measure from 18 -8 by 15 "3 to 

 21-4 by 16 millimeters (from 0'74 by 0'60 to 0'84 by 0'63 

 inch). 



100. TIBETAN RUBY-THROAT. 

 CALLIOPE TSCHEBAIEVI. 



Calliope tschebaievi, Prejv. Mungol i Strana Tangut, ii. p. 44, tab. ix. fig. 1 

 (1876) ; Gould, B. of Asia, iv. pi. 40 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 

 v. p. 308 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, ii. p. 103 ; Pleske, 

 Prjevalsky's Reisen, Vogel, ii. p. 73, Taf. i. fig. 3, 4. Taf. v. fig. 9 



(egg). 



( atL (Sikhim). Resembles C. pectomtis but has the upper parts 

 olive-brown tinged with russet, and the cheeks white not black. The 

 female and young of the two species are undistinguisliable. Culmen 0'6, 

 wing 3*0, tail 2*3, tarsus 1/2 inch. 



