110 HYPOLAIS 



as those of H. pallida. The spots are rather larger and have 

 the same tendency to run into streaks, the shell-markings are 

 scarcely noticeable, and the ground-colour is opaque. In size 

 they average about 0*8 by 0'58. Sometimes, though rarely, the 

 spots have a tendency to form a zone round the larger end. 



159. WESTERN OLIVACEOUS WARBLER. 

 HYPOLAIS OPACA. 



Hypolais opaca (Licht.) in Cat. Mus. Hein. i. p. 36 (1850) ; Dresser, ii. 

 p. 531, pi. 82, fig. 1 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 83 ; H. cine- 

 rascens (De Selys)>/6 Newton, Bias. List. B. Eur. p. 11 (1862). 



PinckaMgos, Spanish. 



$ ad. (Spain). Differs from H. pallida in being larger, with a larger 

 first primary and a broader bill. Culmen 0'72, breadth of lower mandible 

 at base 0'3, wing 2'8, tail 2'55, tarsus 0*9 inch ; first primary extending 

 0'35 beyond the coverts, and I'l shorter than the second; second 0'25 

 shorter than the third, the third and fourth equal. 



Hal. Southern Spain and Algeria, wintering in West Africa 

 as far south as Senegambia. 



Frequents gardens and orchards, is very active and vivacious 

 in its habits, tame and fearless. It affects tall trees in prefer- 

 ence to bushes, and feeds on insects, which it captures on the 

 wing with ease. Its song is clear and loud and usually uttered 

 from a branch. Its call-note resembles the syllables tack, tack. 

 Its nest, which is placed in the fork of a branch at some 

 distance from the ground, is larger even than that of H. olivetorum, 

 and is neatly built of dry grass-bents and rootlets, and lined 

 with cotton and thistle-down. The eggs 4. or 5 in number are 

 deposited in June, and resemble those of H. pallida, but are 

 rather more boldly marked, and larger, measuring about 078 

 by 0-58. 



160. OLIVACEOUS WARBLER. 

 HYPOLAIS PALLIDA. 



Hypolais pallida, (Hempr. and Ehr.), Symb. Phys. fol. bb, (1828) ; 

 Dresser, ii. p. 537, pi. 80, fig. 1 ; Seebohm, Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. p. 

 82 ; (Gates), F. Brit. Ind. Birds, i. p. 392 ; H. elaica, (Lindermayer), 

 Isis. p. 342, 1843. 



$ ad. (Egypt). Upper parts dull pale olivaceous brown paler on the 

 rump ; wings and tail dark brown with paler margins ; an indistinct yel- 

 lowish stripe from the base of the bill over the eye ; under parts bufFy white, 



