180 LOPHOPHANES 



Hal. Island of Hierro, Canaries. 



Frequents the pine-woods, and is occasionally found in the 

 tree heaths and laurels, but in general habits does not differ 

 from P. teneriffce. Its nest and eggs are as yet unknown. 



LOPHOPHANES, Kaup, 1829. 



265. CRESTED TITMOUSE. 

 LOPHOPHANES CRISTATUS. 



Lophophanes' cri status, (Linn.) Fauna, Suecica. p. 97 (1761) ; (Naum.) 

 iv. p. 42. Taf. 94, fig. 3 ; (Hewitson), i. p. 154, pi. xxxix. fig. 3 ; 

 (Gould), B. of E. ii. pi. 156 ; (id.) B. of Gt. Brit. ii. pi. 26 ; (Newton), 

 i. p. 499 ; Dresser, iii. p. 151, pi. 115 ; (Gadow), Cat, B. Br. Mus. 

 viii. p. 27 ; (Saunders), p. Ill ; (Lilford), ii. p. 107, pi. 49. 



Mesange huppte, French ; Capuchino, Span. ; Cincia con ciuffo, 

 Ital. ; Haubenmeise, German ; Tofsmeise, Dan. and Norweg. : 

 Tofsmes, Swed. ; Toyhlotiiainen, Finn. 



<J ad. (Sweden). Crest long, lanceolate, black margined with white ; 

 upper parts greyish brown, tinged with rufous on the rump ; wings and tail 

 dark brown ; chin and throat deep black, on the lower throat widening and 

 forming a narrow band to the nape ; sides of head, neck, and under parts 

 white, tinged with rufous buff on the flanks ; bill black ; legs plumbeous ; 

 iris brown. Culmen 0'5, wing 2*55, tail 2'05, tarsus 07 inch. Sexes alike, 

 and the young differ only in having shorter crests. 



Hob. Europe generally, from Northern Scandinavia to the 

 Mediterranean, and from the Atlantic to the Ural ; not un- 

 common in some parts of Scotland, but rare in England. 



In habits it has much in common with the other Titmice, 

 but is much oftener to be seen searching for food on the 

 ground. It affects conifer woods and groves, and alder swamps 

 where conifer trees are near, and is rarely seen away from 

 woods, or in gardens, and feeds on insects and their larvae, and 

 to a smaller extent on fruit, seeds, and berries. 



It is only migratory in some localities, being as a rule a 

 wanderer during the winter, consorting with other Titmice, 

 Goldcrests, and Nuthatches, wandering about in search of food. 

 Its note differs from that of its allies, and is loud, clear, and 

 sharp, resembling the syllables kirr, kirr, or kirrit. It places 

 its nest usually in the hole of a tree, either excavating it itself 



