1 9 4 CERTHIA TICHODROMA 



north to Alaska) ; O. occidentalis, Ridgw. (California to Sitka) ; 

 C. alticola, Miller (Mexico, Guatemala, and S. Arizona) ; and 

 C. albescens, Berlepsch (N.W. Mexico and Arizona). I cannot, 

 however, see my way to recognise any of these subspecies, but 

 unite them all under Certhia familiar is. 



288. HIMALAYAN TREE-CREEPER. 

 CERTHIA HIMALAYANA. 



Certhia himalayana, Vigors, P.Z.S. 1831, p. 174 ; Gould, B. of Asia, 

 ii, pi. 17 ; Gadow, Cat. B. Br. Mus. viii. p. 327 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. 

 i. p. 329 ; C. tceniura, Severtz. Turk. Jevot. pp. 66, 128 (1873) ; 

 Dresser Ibis, 1876, p. 176. 



Ad. Turkestan. Differs frorn C.familiaris in having the upper parts 

 blackish striped with fulvous, the rump a-nd upper-tail coverts tinged 

 with ferruginous, the tail regularly cross-barred with black ; under parts 

 white tinged with isabelline ; upper mandible blackish ; lower mandible 

 fleshy ; legs fleshy ; iris dark brown. Culmen 0'98, wing 2 '95, tail 2*80, 

 tarsus 0*66 inch. 



Hob. Turkestan, Afghanistan, and the Himalayas to China. 



This is a large paler form of the Himalayan bird, and by 

 those who would recognise it as a subspecies would be called 

 C. twniura ; but I cannot see my way to separate it from true 

 C. himalayana. In habits it closely resembles C. familiaris, 

 and its nest and eggs do not differ from those of that 

 species. 



TICHODROMA, Illiger, 1811. 



289. WALL-CREEPER. 

 TICHODROMA MURARIA. 



Tichodroma muraria, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 184 (1766); Naum. v. 

 p. 421, Taf. 141 ; Gould, B. of E. iii. pi. 239 ; Dresser, iii. p. 207, 

 pi. 123 ; Gadow, Cat. B. Br. Mus. viii. p. 331 ; Gates, F. Brit. 

 Ind. Birds, i. p. 334.; Saunders, p. 119 ; Lilford, ii. p. 116, pi. 53 ; 

 Baedeker, Eur. Eier. Yog. Taf. 43, No. 5, (eggs). 



Grimpereau de muraille, French ; Aranero, Span. ; Piccio 

 murajola, Ital. ; Tsopanakos-kokkinos, Greek ; Alpen Mauerklette, 

 German ; Stenolas, Russ. 



ad. (Switzerland). Upper parts slate-grey, darker on the head and 

 rump ; quills blackish tipped with white, the 2nd to the 5th with a basal 

 and sub-apical white spot on the inner web, the 6th with a buff basal spot, 

 the primaries with the outer web, and the wing-coverts almost entirely 



