ANTHUS 211 



Frequents open places, pastures, moors, and downs, in both 

 dry and damp localities ; it is essentially a ground bird, and 

 but seldom perches on a tree or bush, and roosts on the ground. 

 Its call-note is shrill and sharp, and its song, which is uttered 

 on the wing is sweet, simple but not powerful, and may be 

 heard from April to the end of July. It breeds tolerably early, 

 depositing its eggs in April or May, and a second brood is 

 usually raised in the same season. The nest is placed on the 

 ground, is neatly constructed of grass-bents, rootlets, &c., and 

 lined with finer bents and rootlets, or with horsehair. The 

 eggs, 4 to 6 in number, are dull light grey, closely marked with 

 dusky brown, reddish brown, or purplish grey, averaging in size 

 about 076 by 0'58, and are subject to considerable variation. 



314. CANARIAN PIPIT. 

 ANTHUS BERTHELOTI. 



Anthus bertfieloti, Bolle, J.f.O. 1862, p. 357 ; Dresser, iii. p. 291, pi. 133 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. x. p. 591. 



Caminero, Pajaro-cajon, Span. 



<$ ad. (Teneriffe). Differs from A. pratensis in having the upper parts 

 paler, more uniform in colour, and tinged with grey, the markings on the 

 neck, breast, and flanks being dull brown narrow striations ; legs very 

 pale brown. Culmen 0'65, wing 2'95, tail 2'5, tarsus 0*87, hind toe with 

 claw 0'7 inch. The female resembles the male. The young bird has the 

 feathers on the upper parts margined with rufous, and the legs pale, almost 

 white. 



Hob. Madeira and the Canary Islands. 



Frequents open sandy, volcanic, or grassy places, and is often 

 seen on the roads ; in general habits it resembles A. pratensis, 

 and feeds on insects and seeds. It has no real song, but only 

 a soft plaintive call-note. It places its nest, which is con- 

 structed of grass-bents and fine rootlets, on the ground, and 

 deposits from 4 to 6 eggs, which are closely spotted with 

 greyish brown on a dull white ground and resemble pale 

 varieties of the eggs of A. pratensis. 



315. TREE-PIPIT. 

 ANTHUS TRIVIALIS. 



Anthus trivialis, (Linn.) Syst. Nat. i. p. 288 (1766) ; Newton, i. p. 

 569 ; Dresser, iii. p. 309, pi. 132, fig. 2 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br, 

 Mus. x. p. 543; Saunders, p. 131; A. arboreus, Bechst. Naum. 

 iii. p. 758, Taf. 84, fig. 2 ; Hewitson, i. p. 171, pi. xliii ; Gould, 

 B. of E. iii. pi. 139 ; id. B. of Gt, Brit. iii. pi. 14 ; Lilforcl, iii, 

 p. 115, pi. 59. 



p 2 



