ANTHU8 213 



Hal). Siberia east of the Yenesei, Japan, North China, and the 

 Himalayas, wintering in Cochin China, Burma, and the plains 

 of India. 



In habits it resembles A. trivialis, frequenting wooded loca- 

 lities and flying up into a tree when disturbed. It breeds in 

 May and June, placing its nest on the ground, and construct- 

 ing it of grass-bents or moss, lined with fine bents or rootlets. 

 The eggs, usually four in number, are thickly marked with 

 dark brown and dingy purple on a greyish ground, and measure 

 about 0-93 by 0'68. 



317. RED-THROATED PIPIT. 

 ANTHUS CERVINUS. 



Anthits cervinus (Pall.) Zoogr. Ross. As. i. p. 511 (1811) ; Naum. iii. Taf. 

 85, fig. 1 ; Dresser, iii. p. 299, pi. 135, 136 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. 

 Mus. x. p. 585 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, ii. p. 310 ; Saunders, p. 

 135 ; Lilford, iii, p. 120, pi. 61 ; A. rufogularis, Brehm. Yog. 

 Deutschl. p. 340 (1831) ; Gould, B. of E. ii. pi. 140. 



Eotlikehlige Pieper, German ; Pispola gold rossa, Ital. ; Brun- 

 strubet-Piplaerke, Norweg. ; Eddztrupig Piplarka, Swed. ; Pellra- 

 Jcirvinen, Tunturi-kirmnen, Finn. 



( ad. (N. Sweden). Upper parts wings and tail as in A. pratensis but 

 the upper parts are somewhat browner and the markings clearer ; lores, 

 supercilium, throat, breast, and to some extent the sides of the neck pinkish 

 fawn ; rest of the under parts yellowish buff, the breast here and there 

 spotted with blackish brown ; bill dark brown ; legs fleshy brown ; iris 

 brown. Culmen 0'6, wing 3*2, tail 2*4, tarsus 0'9 inch. The female has the 

 rufous generally restricted to the throat. The winter, and immature 

 plumage closely resembles that of A. pratensis except that the under parts 

 are more boldly spotted, and in old specimens there are remains of the 

 rufous coloration in the winter dress. 



Hctb. Arctic Europe and Asia, as far east as Kamchatka, 

 rare on migration in western Europe ; of doubtful occarrence 

 in Britain; wintering in northern Africa, eastern India, 

 Burma and China, and at least as far south as Borneo. Of 

 occasional occurrence in Alaska, and accidental in lower Cali- 

 fornia. 



Frequents moors and marshes, usually where there are bushes 

 scattered about, and is frequently to be seen on the seashore. 

 Its call-note is lower and softer than that of the Meadow- Pipit, 

 and its song fuller and louder. It breeds usually in June, the 



