PYCNONOTUS 225 



of the wing whitish ; bill black ; legs plumbeous ; iris brown. Culmen 

 0'7, wing 3'5, tail 3'5, tarsus 0*8 inch. 



Hob. Afghanistan, and the Himalayas from Murree to 

 Bhutan. 



In the summer it is found in the mountains at from 3,000 

 to 7,000 feet altitude, descending to the plains in the autumn. 

 It breeds late in May or in June, and its nest is placed on a 

 bush or in the fork of a low tree, and is constructed of dried 

 plant-stalks and grasses, lined with fine grasses. The eggs, 

 8 to 4 in number, are purplish white speckled all over, but 

 chiefly at the larger end, with purple brown and purplish grey 

 spots and blotches, and average about 0'88 by 0.65. 



333. RED-VENTED BULBUL. 

 PYCNONOTUS INTERMEDIUS. 



Pycnonotus mtermedius (Jerdon), B. of Ind. ii. p. 95 (1862) ; (Sharpe), 

 Cat. B. Br. Mus. vi. p. 130 ; (Gates), F. Brit. Ind. Birds, i. p. 272. 



<? ad. (India). Head, throat, and hind-neck black ; upper parts brown 

 margined with grey ; wings brown narrowly margined with whitish ; 

 upper tail-coverts dull whitish ; tail brown at base, otherwise black and 

 tipped with white ; ear-coverts chocolate ; upper breast and sides of neck 

 blackish brown ; lower breast and flanks ashy brown ; under tail-coverts 

 crimson ; rest of under parts dull ashy white ; bill and legs black ; 

 iris brown. Culmen 0'85, wing 4*0, tail 4 '2, tarsus TO inch. 



Hal. Afghanistan, Kashmir, the lower ranges of the Hima- 

 layas from Naini-Tal, and Almora to Murree ; North Punjab 

 and North-West Provinces, and Oudh down to Allahabad and 

 Chupra. 



In general habits it does not appear to 

 jners. It breeds from April to July, the 



differ from its con- 

 geners. It breeds from April to July, the nest which is placed 

 on a bush, being constructed of fine roots, plant-stems, and a 

 few leaves, with cobwebs and silky seed-down on the outside, 

 and lined with fine roots. The eggs, 3 to 4 in number, are 

 deep pink, blotched with deep claret-red, and average about 

 0-87 by 0-62. 



