ORIOLUS 227 



Loriot, French ; Papa-figos, Portug. ; Oropendola, Span. ; 

 Rigogolo, Ital. ; Pirol, Goldamsel, German ; Wielewall, Dutcfr; 

 G-uldperol, Dan. ; Sommargylling, Swed. ; Kuharikeittwja, Finn. ; 

 Ivolga, Russ. 



ad. (Finland). Above and below rich golden yellow ; lores black; 

 wings jet black with narrow external margins and tips of sulphur-yellow ; 

 edge of wing and under wing-coverts rich yellow ; tail jet black, the outer 

 feathers broadly, the inner ones less terminated with yellow, the two 

 central ones only tipped with that colour ; bill dull reddish ; legs 

 plumbeous ; iris blood-red. Culmen 0'95, wing 5*9, tail 3'6, tarsus 0'85 

 inch. The female is duller in colour, has the back and scapulars tinged 

 with green, the under parts yellowish white striped with blackish brown, 

 or in very old birds yellow like the male. The young bird has the upper 

 parts greyish yellow washed with green, the under parts white tinged 

 with yellow and clearly streaked with blackish brown. 



Hal}. Europe generally, a rare visitant to Great Britain ; Asia 

 Minor, Persia and Turkestan, ranging as far east as Sind and 

 Dauria, where it is rare ; wintering in Africa as far south as 

 Damaraland and Natal. 



In its general habits it is restless, shy, and unobtrusive, 

 frequenting groves, wood, and gardens, usually keeping amongst 

 the foliage high up in the trees. Its flight is rolling and heavy, 

 but swift. Its alarm-note is a harsh chrrr, and it has a peculiar 

 harsh, mewing call-note. Its song is a clear, loud whistle, 

 resembling the syllables huidleo, huitidleo, huidleo. It feeds on 

 insects, berries, and fruit of various kinds. It breeds late in 

 May or early in June, building a neat basket-shaped nest of 

 strips of bark, grass-bents, &c., lined with fine grass-bents, and 

 placed in the small fork of a branch, to which it is carefully 

 twisted and woven. The eggs, 4 to 5 in number, are glossy 

 white, marked with a few pale purplish brown shell-blotches, 

 and more or less spotted with deep reddish brown, in size 

 averaging about 1*20 by 0'85, 



336. INDIAN ORIOLE. 

 ORIOLUS KUNDOO. 



Oriolus kundoo, Sykes, P.Z.S. 1832, p. 87 ; Jerdon, B, of Ind. ii.p. 107 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. iii. p. 194 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, i. 

 p. 504, Hend. and Hume. Lah. to Yark. p. 200, pi. xi. 



PilaJc, Hind. ; Vanga-pandu,, Tet. ; Pawseh, Mahr. ; Pashnool, 

 Kashm. 



ad. (India). Differs from 0. galbula only in having the black on 

 the lores extending to a patch round and behind the eye, and having more 



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