228 ORIOLUS LANIUS 



yellow on the tail, the outermost feather being almost entirely yellow. 

 Culmen 1'2, wing 5*6, tail 37, tarsus 0'95 inch. 



Hob. Afghanistan, Turkestan, Kashmir, and the higher ranges 

 of the Himalayas. 



In its general habits, food, and nidification it does not differ 

 from 0. galbula. 



337. BLACK-NAPED ORIOLE. 

 ORIOLUS INDICUS. 



Oriolus indicus, Jerd. 111. Ind. Orn. pi. 15 (1847) ; id. B. of Ind. ii. 

 p. 109 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, i. p. 502 ; 0. diffusus, Sharpe, 

 Cat B. Br. Mus. iii. p. 197 (1877) ; Beresovski and Bianchi, Ptitz. 

 Gan-su. &c. p. 120 (1891). 



<J ad. (India). Differs from 0. Icundoo in having the lores, a streak 

 through the eye joining a hroad band across the nape deep black, and the 

 inner secondaries have the whole outer web and part of the inner web 

 yellow ; bill pinky red ; legs plumbeous ; iris pink. Culmen. 1*25, wing 

 6'0, tail 4'0, tarsus TO inch. The female resembles the male, but has the 

 back tinged with green. The young are yellowish green above with but 

 little trace of the black nuchal band ; below whitish with dark stripes. 



Hob. Mongolia, Dauria, the Ussuri country, and China, win- 

 tering in India, Ceylon, Burma, and as far south as Penang. 



In general habits it resembles 0. galbula, but its song is said 

 to be louder. It inhabits non-evergreen groves and woods, and 

 larch-groves, and is very shy. It breeds in Dauria, the Ussuri 

 country, and North China, its nest and eggs resembling those 

 of 0. gallnda. 



Dr. Sharpe states that Dicrurus leucogenys (Walden) occurs in Japan, 

 but I can find no instance of its occurrence there or elsewhere in the 

 Palsearctic area. 



LANIUS, Linn., 1766. 



338. GREAT GREY SHRIKE. 



LANIUS EXCUBITOR. 



Lanius excubitor, .Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 135 (1766) ; Naum. ii. p. 7, 

 Taf. 49; Hewitson, i. p. 69, pi. xx. fig. 1 ; Gould, B. of Gt.; 

 Brit. ii. pi. 13 ; Newton, i. p. 199 ; Dresser, iii. p. 375, pi. 145 ; 

 Gadow, Cat. B. Br. Mus. viii. p. 237 ; Saunders, p. 147 ; 

 Lilford, ii. p. 70.- pi. 32. 



