LANIUS 241 



coverts black ; forehead, supercilium, cheeks, chin, and throat white ; rest 

 of the under parts rufous buff ; bill pale plumbeous, the upper mandible 

 from the nostril, and the tip of the lower mandible dark horn ; legs bluish 

 brown ; iris dark brown ; eyelids plumbeous. Culmen 0*7, wing 35, tail 

 3*6, tarsus 1-0 inch. The female has the supercilium creamy white, the 

 under parts isabelline, the flanks rufous buff, these and the breast faintly 

 vermiculated, and the young have the upper parts distinctly barred and 

 the under parts vermiculated with dark brown. 



Hob. Asia, from the Yenesei to Kamchatka and Dauria, and 

 from Yarkand to the east coast of China ; wintering in India, 

 Ceylon, the Andamans, Burma, the Malay peninsula, and as 

 far south as Java. 



Frequents bush-covered plains especially near water, and is 

 also found in the vast marshes where the rivers empty them- 

 selves into Lake Baikal, but not in the forests. Its call-note 

 resembles the syllable keh, frequently repeated. Its nest 

 resembles that of L. collurio, and is placed on a bush or low 

 tree never at any great height above the ground. Its eggs, 

 4 to 6 in number, resemble rufous eggs of L. collurio, but are, if 

 anything, rather smaller, averaging about 0'82 by 0'62. The 

 eggs are deposited late in May or in June. 



> 361. JAPANESE RED-TAILED SHRIKE. 

 LANIUS SUFERCILIOSUS. 



Lanius superciliosus, Latham, Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 20, No. 14 (1801) ; 

 Bogdanoff, Sorokop. Russk. Faun. p. 51 ; Gadow, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 

 viii. p. 273 ; Tacz. F. O. Sib. 0. p. 496 ; Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. 

 p. 105. 



Akamozu, Jap. 



ad. (Japan). Differs from L. cristatus in having the upper parts 

 much brighter, usually rich fox-red, the forehead and fore-crown and a 

 broad supercilium pure white ; wings blackish externally margined with 

 rufous ; tail fox-red tipped with dull white. Culmen O'Y, wing 3'5, tail 

 3'72, tarsus 0'84 inch. 



Hob. The island of Saghalien, Askold, and Japan ; wintering 

 in the Malay peninsula, Philippines, and Java. 



In general habits it does not differ from L. cristatus, of which 

 it is an eastern form. It breeds in Japan, placing its nest in 

 thorny bushes at from 4 to 10 feet from the ground. The 

 eggs, which are deposited from the middle of June to the early 

 part of July, 4 to 6 in number, resemble rufous eggs of Lanius 

 auriculatus. 



