COCCOTHRA USTES 28T 



COCCOTHRAUSTES, Briss., 1760. 



421. HAWFINCH. 

 COCCOTHRAUSTES VULGARIS. 



CoccotJiraustes vulgar is, Pall. Zoogr. Ross. As. ii. p. 12 ; Gould, B. of E. 

 iii. pi. 199 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. iii. pi. 40 ; Hewitson, i. p. 205 r 

 pi. Iii. ; figs. 2, 3 ; Newton, ii. p. 98 ; Dresser, iii. p. 575, pi. 175 ; 

 Saunders, p. 171 ; Lilford, iv. p. 46, pi. 23 ; Loxia coccotliraustes, 

 Linn.Syst. Nat. i. p. 299 ; (Naum.), iv. p. 435 ; Taf. 114 ; (Sharpe), 

 Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. p. 36 ; C. japonicus, Sharpe, torn. cit. p. 39 ; 

 0. humii, id torn. cit. p. 40, pi. i. (1888). 



Grosbec, French ; Bico-grossudo, Portug. ; Cascanueces, Span. : 

 Frosone, Ital. ; Kernleisser, German ; Appelvink, Dutch ; Kjerne- 

 bider, Dan. ; Kirsebcerfugl, Norw. ; Stenkndck, Swed. ; Nokkavar- 

 punen, Finn. ; Dulonos, Russ. 



ad. (Spain). Forehead yellowish fawn, becoming brownish on the 

 hind-crown ; a collar round the hind-neck ashy grey ; mantle dark chest- 

 nut-brown ; rump fawn-brown ; quills glossy blue-black, with a long 

 white patch on the inner web ; the inner ones after the fifth peculiarly 

 widened and hooked at the tip ; larger coverts white, darkening to fawn 

 on the innermost ; middle tail-feathers greyish brown, tipped with white, 

 the rest black, with the terminal half of the inner web white ; lores, a 

 narrow line at the base of the bill, and throat deep black ; under parts 

 vinous fawn, middle of abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; bill bluish ; 

 legs flesh colour ; iris brownish grey. Culmen. 0'85, wing 3'9, tail 2'5, 

 tarsus '9 inch. In the winter the colours are duller, and the beak dull 

 flesh-colour. The female is duller, the black on the throat less extensive, 

 and the white on the wings tinged with dull greyish. The young bird has 

 the head yellowish brown, the upper parts yellowish chestnut-brown, the 

 throat and under parts dull white, on the throat washed with yellow, all 

 spotted arid barred with blackish brown. 



Hob. Europe, as far north as Southern Sweden and occa- 

 sionally to Upland ; in Norway to Trondhjem ; Asia Minor. 

 Persia, N.W. Punjab, Turkestan, and as far east as Japan - r 

 North Africa rarely. 



Frequents groves, especially hornbeam woods, gardens, and 

 orchards, and is extremely shy and wary, usually perching in 

 the top of a tree, from whence it can see all round. Its flight, 

 though laboured, is swift and direct, and it can traverse long 

 distances. Its call-note is a prolonged zee t and its song is 

 merely a repetition and variation of the call-note and a sharp 

 call resembling the syllable knipps with modulations. It feeds 



