3 1 2 FRINGILLALINOTA 



In general habits it much resembles the Chaffinch but its 

 note is different, being a harsh cree, cree not unlike that of the 

 Greenfinch but louder. In the autumn they collect in large 

 flocks and migrate south, and are then to be met with in 

 England and Scotland, but it is only met with occasionally in 

 Ireland. It feeds during the summer to a large extent on 

 insects, on which its young are also reared, but in the autumn 

 and winter it feeds on berries, seeds of various plants, beech 

 nuts, &c. It breeds in Scandinavia from northern Lapland 

 down to central Sweden, and the fells in the birch zone ; and in 

 Northern Siberia and Kamchatka. The nest, which is usually 

 placed on a birch tree from 10 or 12 to 25 feet from the ground 

 is a neat structure, resembling that of F. ccelebs but larger, and 

 is built of moss, grass, straws, fine rootlets, and lichens, and 

 almost always sheds of the fine paper-like bark of the birch are 

 interwoven on the outside ; the lining is usually composed of 

 wool, plant-down, and feathers, and I once took a nest built 

 almost entirely of marsh cotton. The eggs from 4 to 6, less 

 often 7 in number, are usually deposited in May, and resemble 

 those of the Chaffinch, but have generally a greener tinge, and 

 in size average about 0'75 by 57 inch. 



LINOTA, Bp. 1831. 



458. LIXXET. 

 LINOTA CANNABINA. 



Linota cannaUna, (Linn.) Syst Nat. i, p. 322 (1766) ; Naum. v. p. 80, 

 Taf. 121 ; (Hewitson), i. p. 200, pi. li. fig. 1. (egg) ; (Gould), B. 

 of E. iii. pi. 191 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. iii. pi. 49 ; Newton, ii. 

 p. 153 ; Dresser, iv. p. 31, pi. 186 ; (Sharp e), Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. 

 p. 240 ; Saunders, p. 187 ; Lilford, iv. p. 64, pi. 31. 



Linotte, French ; PMarroxo, Portug. ; Camacho, Jamas, Span. ; 

 Montanello, Fanello, Ital. ; Bluthan fling, German ; Knew, 

 Uasvink, Dutch ; Tornirisk, Dan. and Norw. ; Hdmpling, Swed. ; 

 Hamppuvarpunen, Finn. ; Obuiknovennui-rapoloff, Russ. 



< ad. (England). Forehead and fore-crown blood-red ; the rest of 

 the head and neck brownish grey with dark markings ; mantle warm 

 chestnut-brown, the feathers with darker centres ; rump paler and marked 

 with white ; wings and tail blackish with whitish margins ; upper tail- 

 coverts blackish brown with whitish margins ; breast rich carmine-red ; 

 rest of under parts dull white, the chin with dark stripes ; flanks washed 

 with brown ; beak horn-colour, brown at base below ; legs pale warm 

 brown ; iris dark brown. Culmen 0*45, wing 3'15, tail 2'0, tarsus 0'7 



