PYRRHULA 335 



Hob. Scandinavia, Russia, occurring as far south as Greece ; 

 Eastern Europe generally ; Asia as far east as Dauria and 

 south to Central Asia. 



Throughout its range it is a resident, though some wander 

 south in the winter. Essentially an inhabitant of the wood- 

 lands it frequents woods, groves, and gardens, and inhabits both 

 the plains and hills. It is by no means a stupid bird, but wary 

 and well able to take good care of itself. Its note and song do- 

 not appreciably differ from those of P. europcea. Both species 

 are greatly valued as cage birds, and can readily be taught to 

 whistle tunes. In captivity they thrive well, and soon become 

 attached to their owner. Its nest and eggs closely resemble 

 those of P. europcea, but are as a rule larger, the eggs measuring 

 about 0-79 by 0'63. 



488. SUBSP. PYRRHULA KAMTSCHATICA. 



Pyrrhula kamtschatica, Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vii. p 395 (1882), 

 id. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 680 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. p. 447. 



< ad. (Kamchatka). Kesembles P. major, "but has the upper parts 

 clearer and somewhat paler in colour, the band across the wing white 

 instead of grey, the ear-coverts with a silvery tinge, and the inner web of 

 the innermost secondary either very pale red or lacking the red colour 

 altogether. Culmen 0'44, wing 371, tail 2'7, tarsus 0'8 inches. The 

 female has the upper parts greyer and less brown in tinge, and the under 

 parts clearer than the female of P. major. 



Hob. Kamchatka, and of rare occurrence in Manchuria. 



In habits it is said to closely resemble P. major. Its nest 

 and eggs are, so far as I can ascertain, as yet unknown, but 

 doubtless resemble those of that species. 



489. ORIENTAL BULLFINCH. 

 PYRRHULA GRISEIVENTRIS. 



Pyrrhula griseiventris, Lafr. Eev. Zool. 1841, p. 240 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. 

 Mus. xii. p. 449 ; P. rosacea, Tacz. F. 0. Sib. O. p. 681 (nee. Seeb.), 

 P. orientalis (partim), Temm. and Schlegel, Faun. Jap. Aves, pi. 53 . 

 (1850). 



ad. (Japan). Differs from P. europcea in having only the sides of the- 

 head and the upper throat red, pinker, and not so brick-red in tinge, th& 

 rest of the under parts being dull ashy grey, and it lacks the red on the 

 innermost secondary. Culmen 0'4, wing 3'25, tail 2 '6, tarsus 0'68 inch. 

 The female resembles that of P. europcea. 



