ALAUDA 389 



556. INDIAN SKYLARK. 

 ALAUDA GULGULA. 



Alauda gulgula, Frankl. RZ.S. 1831, p. 119 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 

 xiii. p. 575 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. ii. p. 326 ; Dresser, ix. p. 229, 

 pi. 684 ; A. ccelivox, Swinhoe, Zool. 1859, p. 6723 ; A. sala, id. Ibis, 

 1870, p. 354 ; A. waiter si, id. P.Z.S., 1871, p. 389 ; A. australis, 

 Brooks, Str. F. i. p. 486 (1873) ; A. peguensis, Gates, Str. Feath. iii. 

 p. 343 (1875). 



Bhurut, Hind. ; Bee-lone Burm. ; Gomarita, Cing. 



<$ ad. (Transcaspia). Kesembles A. arvensis but is greyer, has the 

 under parts whiter, is smaller, and has the bill longer and more slender ; 

 bill dark horn, fleshy pink at the base below ; legs fleshy brown ; iris 

 brown. Culmen Ot>5, wing 3'35, tail 2'0, tarsus 0*95, hind-toe with claw 

 0'84 inch. The female does not differ except in being smaller in size. 



Hob. Transcaspia ; through India, Ceylon, and Burma to 

 southern China and the Philippines. 



In habits it resembles our Skylark and is found in cultivated 

 land and also on the plains which are covered with short paddy 

 and elephant-grass. In most of its range it appears to be 

 resident. Its song resembles that of A. arvensis, and is" usually 

 uttered when the bird is circling in the air, and it is said to soar 

 very high. Its mode of nidification is much the same as that 

 of A. arvensis. The nest is placed in a depression on the 

 ground, usually under shelter of a clod, tuft of grass or a bush, 

 and is constructed of grass-bents, lined with finer grass, and 

 like the Skylark it usually rears two broods in the year, from 

 February to May, and from August to October. The eggs 

 3 to 5 in number are greyish or yellowish white, speckled, 

 spotted, freckled, and sometimes blotched with pale yellowish or 

 purplish brown or very pale inky purple, and in size average 

 about 0-8 by 0'61. 



557. WOODLARK. 

 ALAUDA ARBOREA. 



Alauda arborea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 287 (1766) ; Naum. iv. p. 192 

 Taf. 100, fig. 2 ; Hewitson, i. p. 179, pi. xlv. fig. 3 ; Gould, B. 

 of E. iii. pi. 167 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. iii. pi. 16 ; Newton, i. p. 625 ; 

 Dresser, iv. p. 321, pi. 232 ; (Sharpe), Cat. B. Br. Mus. xiii. p. 636 ; 

 Saunders, p. 251 ; Lilford, iv. p. 8, pi. 4. 



Alouette lulu, French ; Cotovia, Portug. ; Totovia, Alondra de 

 monte, Span. ; Tottavilla Ital. ; BaumUrche, Heidelerche, 



