422 CORVUS 



fig. 2; (Sharpe), Cat. B. Br. Mus. iii. p. 31 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. 

 p. 533 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, i. p. 19 ; Saunders, p. 245 ; Lil- 

 ford, ii. p. 47, pi. 21 ; C. capellanus, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1876. p. 694, 

 pi. Ixvi ; (Sharpe), op. cit. iii. p. 32 ; C. sJiarpii ; Gates, torn, cit, 

 p. 20 (1889). 



Gorneille mantelee, French ; Corronca, Cornacchia, Ital. ; Nebel- 

 krahe, Mantelkrahe, Germ. ; Graa-Krage, Dan. : Kraake, Norweg. ; 

 Grd KrdJca, Swed. ; Vuoras, Lapp. ; Fares, Finn. ; Saraya- 

 Vorona, Russ. 



<$ ad. (Denmark). Head, central throat, and upper breast, wings and 

 tail deep black, glossed with blue and violet ; hind-neck, sides of neck, 

 back, and under parts ashy grey, the feathers with dark shafts ; thighs 

 blackish ; bill and legs black ; iris dark brown. Culmen 2 '2, wing 12 -6, 

 tail 7*8, tarsus 2-4 inch. Sexes alike. 



Hob. Europe, chiefly in the north and east ; Ireland gene- 

 rally ; the northern portion of Great Britain ; a straggler to 

 Iceland, but common in the Faeroes ; Scandinavia, north to 

 Lapland ; east of the Elbe it is the prevalent form ; south-eastern 

 Europe, Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt ; Asia, east to the 

 Yenesei, then very rare, south to Afghanistan and Turkestan 

 (C. sh-arpii), the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia (C. capellanm). 



In habits, note, and nidification this species does not differ 

 from C. cor one, and in a series its eggs are also undistinguish- 

 able. In localities where the two species occur they interbreed 

 not unfrequently and partly for that reason Prof. Newton 

 unites the two species. On the other hand Dr. Sclater and 

 Dr. Sharpe separate the Persian form (C. capcllanus) as having 

 the grey portions of the plumage nearly white, and Mr. Gates 

 recognizes three species, viz. C. comix having the pale portions 

 of the plumage ashy grey, C. capellanus as having these parts 

 nearly white, and C. sharpii, which inhabits Siberia, Turkestan, 

 Afghanistan, and a portion of India as having these parts drafc- 

 grey. 



603. JUNGLE CROW. 



CORVUS MACRORHYNCHUS. 



Corvus macrorhynchui*, Wagler, Syst. Av. Corvus sp. 3 (1827) ; Temm. 

 and Schlegel, Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 79, pi. 39 ; (Sharpe), Cat. B. Br. 

 Mus. iii. p. 38 ; Gates, F. Brit. Ind. Birds, i. p. 17 ; C. levaillantii 

 Less. Traite d'Orn. p. 328 (1831) ; (Sharpe), torn. cit. p. 39 ; C. cul- 

 minatus, Sykes, P.Z.S. 1832, p. 96 ; Sharpe, torn. cit. p. 20 ; C. 

 japonensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 386 (1850) ; (Sharpe), torn. cit. p. 41 ; 

 C. sinensis, Horsf. and Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co. ii. 

 p. 556 (1856-58) ; David and Oust. Gis. Chine, p. 367 ; Tacz. F. G. 

 Sib. G. p. 530. 



