HALCYON 461 



Kio-roro, Jap. 



<$ ad. (India). Upper parts with sides of the head and neck, wings 

 and tail light chestnut, glossed with violet-red ; middle of the lower back 

 and rump white mixed with pale blue, or sometimes with violet ; under 

 parts cinnamon buff, paler on the throat and middle of the abdomen, and 

 becoming pale butf on the chin ; bill red, blackish at the base ; legs 

 brownish red ; iris blue grey. Culmen 2'3, wing 4*4, tail 2'6, tarsus 

 0'5 inch. The female is duller and browner in colour, and the young bird 

 has dark edges to the breast-feathers. 



Hob. Eastern Himalayas, China, Corea, Japan, Java, Sumatra, 

 and the Philippines. 



Inhabits forests, and not unfrequently mangrove swamps 

 near the coast, and is shy in its habits. It is said to be very 

 noisy in rainy weather when its mournful cry klo-roro may be 

 heard at a long distance. Respecting its food and nesting 

 habits I find nothing on record. 



661. SMYRNA KINGFISHER. 

 HALCYON SMYRNENSIS. 



Halcyon smyrnensis (Linn.), Syst. Nat. i. p. 181 (1766) ; Sharpe, Monogr. 

 Alced. p. 161, pi. 59 ; Dresser, v. p. 133, pi. 292 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. 

 Br. Mus. xvii. p. 222 ; Blanf. F. Brit. Ind. Birds, iii. p. 132 ; //. 

 fusca (Bodd), Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 54 (1783) ; Jerdon, B. of Ind. i. p. 224 ; 

 H. saturatior ; Hume. Str. Feath. ii. pp. 168, 531 (1874). 



Jcshil Balukdje, Turkish ; Kilkila, Hindu. ; KJiandu, Mahr. \ 

 Pdihudawa, Cing. ; Dane-nyin, Burm. 



<$ ad. (Asia Minor). Head, neck, sides of breast, and under parts below 

 the breast rich chestnut-red ; back, scapulars, outer web of secondaries, 

 and upper surface ol the tail deep cobalt blue, with a faint greenish tinge ; 

 rump and upper tail-coverts deeper cobalt ; base of primaries white, the 

 rest black, the outer webs blue ; larger wing-coverts dark blue, median 

 coverts black, edged with bluish, the lesser chestnut ; throat and breast 

 pure white ; bill coral-red ; legs vermilion ; iris brown. Culmen 2'4 r 

 wing 5'2, tail 37, tarsus 07 inch. Sexes alike. 



Hob. Cyprus, Asia Minor, Palestine, Arabia, Persia ; the 

 whole of India ; Burma ; Ceylon ; the Malay Peninsula, Cochin 

 China, and Southern China. 



In its habits it is shy and solitary, and will sit for hours 

 on an elevated perch, and is to be found near water or away 

 from it in the open jungle. Its note is harsh and discordant, 



