A Q UILAHA LI A ETUS 5 2 3 



Steen Arend, Dutch ; Kongcorn, Stenorn, Dan. and Norweg. : 

 Kungsorn, Swed. ; Maa-kotka, Kokko, Finn.: Koaskim, Lapp.; 

 Bjerkut, Cholsan, Russ. ; Agdob-kakala, Arab. ; Ogab, Moor. \ 

 Muriari, Hindu. ; Inu-ivashi, Jap. 



ad. (N. Russia). Forehead and cheeks deep brown ; crown, nape,, 

 and hind -neck rufous buff; upper parts deep brown, with a faint purplish 

 gloss, many of the feathers with lighter tips ; quills blackish brown ; tail 

 blackish brown, on the basal portion irregularly barred with dark grey ;. 

 under parts blackish brown ; the feathers on the tarsus rufous creamy 

 buff ; bill dark horn ; cere and feet yellow ; iris rich hazel brown. Cul- 

 men 2*8, wing 23'6, tail 13'5, tarsus 4'2 inch. The female is similar but larger. 

 The young bird has the upper parts more uniformly dark ; crown and 

 nape dark brown, the feathers with greyish buff tips ; lower back and 

 rump varied with white ; the basal two-thirds of the tail white, sparingly 

 marbled with pale brown ; tarsal feathers dull white, sparingly streaked 

 and marbled with brown. 



Hcib. The mountainous portions of Europe generally, north 

 into Lapland ; British Islands ; North Africa ; Asia east ta 

 China, north to Dauria, south to the Himalayas ; North 

 America from the Arctic regions south to the Hudson river 

 and New Mexico. 



Frequents the mountains in preference to the plains, and is 

 a more powerful bird than A. lieliaca, and though it will feed 

 on carrion when an opportunity occurs, yet its usual prey 

 consists of hares, rabbits, lambs, fawns, and birds, also rats 

 and other small mammals. On the wing it is graceful and 

 powerful and soars in circles with ease in search of its prey. 

 Its cry is a loud yelp uttered several times in succession. It 

 nests on rocks or trees making a bulky nest of boughs and sticks 

 lined with fern, moss, grass, wool, or any suitable soft material, and 

 in March or April deposits 2, sometimes 3, and but rarely 4 white 

 eggs, sometimes unmarked but usually more or less richly 

 spotted and blotched with violet-grey shell-markings, and rich 

 dark surface-spots and blotches, and in size average 2'89 by 

 2*41. All the eggs I have received from near Archangel are 

 pure white. 



HALIAETUS, Savigny, 1810. 



738. PALLAS'S SEA-EAGLE. 



HALIAETUS LEUCORYPHUS. 



Hallaetua leucoryphus (Pall.) Keis. Kuss. Reichs i. p. 454 (1771) ;; 

 Dresser, v. p. 545, pi. 346 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. i. p. 308 ; 

 Blanf. F. Brit. Ind. Birds, iii. p. 366 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 43 j //. 

 macei (Temm.), PL Col. i. pis. 8, 223 (1824). 



