524 HALIAETUS 



Bieloklovoi-orlan, Russ. ; Machurang, Hindu. 



(J ad. (S. Russia). Forehead, sides of head and neck, chin, and throat 

 pale yellowish white ; crown, nape, and hind-neck warm rufous isabelline, 

 or rufescent ochreous ; rest of upper parts umber-brown ; tail dark brown, 

 with a broad white cross band. ; under parts dark reddish brown ; bill 

 dark plumbeous ; cere light plumbeous ; tarsus nearly bare, dull white ; 

 feet dull white ; iris greyish yellow. Culmen 2'7, wing 22'0, tail 11 '7, 

 tarsus 3'85 inch. Female similar but larger. The young bird has the 

 upper parts nearly uniform brown, the head and neck dark fulvous brown, 

 streaked with sandy brown ; tail dark brown, with an ashy tinge ; under 

 parts lighter fulvousibrown, some of the breast-feathers with pale margins. 



Hob. European Russia, not ranging far north ; Turkey, Asia 

 Minor, and Central Asia, east to southern Siberia. Mongolia, and 

 northern China ; northern India and Burma. 



Is essentially a frequenter of rivers, marshes, tidal 'creeks, 

 and lakes, and feeds on fish, which it captures near the surface 

 of the water, water-fowl, and snakes, frogs, etc , but its chief 

 food consists of fish. Its cry is a shrill half croak, half scream, 

 somewhat harsh in tone. It places its nest on a lofty tree, 

 constructing it of sticks and boughs, lining it with twigs and 

 green leaves, rushes and straw, and from December to January 

 ^in India) 2 or 3, seldom 4 eggs are deposited, which are white 

 and in size measure about 2'81 by 2*16. 



739. SEA-EAGLE. 

 HALIAETUS ALB 1C ILL A. 



Haliaetus albicilla (Linn.), Syst, Nat. i. p. 123 (1766); (Naum.), i. 

 p. 224, Taf. 12, 13, 14 ; Hewitson, i. p. 15, pi. iv. fig. 2 ; Gould, B. 

 of ^E. i. pi. 10 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit, i. pi. 4 ; Newton, i. p. 25 ; 

 id. Ootheca Wolleyana, pp. 45-58 ; Dresser, v. p. 551, pis. 347, 348 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. i. p. 302 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 29 ; Blanf. 

 F. Brit. Ind. Birds, iii. p. 369 ; Ridgway, p. 243 ; Saunders, 

 p. 327 ; Lilford, i. p. 8, pi. 6. 



Pygargue a queue blanche, French ; Aguila pigargo, Span. ; 

 Aquila di Mare, Ital. ; Seeadler, German ; Zee- ar end, Dutch ; 

 Cm, Icel. ; ffavom, Dan. and Norweg. ; Hafsorn, Swed. ; 

 Mcri-kotka, Finn. ; Biclochvost, Russ. ; 0-jirv-washi, Jap. 



ad. (S. Russia). Head, upper neck, and throat creamy white, the 

 base and shafts of the feathers dark brown ; rest of the body and wings 

 dark brown, marked here and there with brownish white ; the quills 

 blackish ; tail nearly wedge-shape, dark brown at the extreme bases, other- 

 wise white ; bill and cere pale yellow, the former bluish at the tip ; legs 



