PHALACROCORAX 557 



778. RED-FACED CORMORANT. 

 PHALACROCORAX BICRISTATUS. 



Phalacrocorax bicristatus, Pall. Zoogr. Boss. As. ii. p. 301, pi. Ixxv. 

 fig. 2 ; Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. p. 211 ; Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 

 xxvi. p. 358 ; P. urile (Gmel.), Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, p. 575 (1788 

 partim) ; Ridgway, p. 80 ; (Tacz.), F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 1078. 



( ad. (Commander Island). Head dark greenish blue becoming steel- 

 blue on the neck ; the lower neck, lower back, rump, tipper tail-coverts 

 and under parts deep oily bronze-green ; scapulars and sides of upper back 

 rich greenish and violet-bronze with a purple tinge ;* a tuft or crest 

 on the crown and one on the nape bronze-green ; a white patch on each 

 flank. In the breeding season the neck and rump are covered 

 with scattered straw-yellow filamentous feathers ; feathers of forehead 

 separated from the base of the culmen by a strip of bare skin connecting 

 the. naked lores ; gular pouch blue bordered behind by purplish red 

 corrugations ; lores, orbits, and naked frontal skin bright orange. Culmen 

 2'25, wing 10'5, tail 6'3, tarsus 2*15 inch. Female similar but rather 

 smaller. The young bird is dusky brown witli a faint purplish tinge, 

 darker and more glossy on the upper parts. 



Hob. The coasts of Kamchatka and eastern Siberia, the 

 Prybilof, Aleutian, and Kurile Islands, in winter south to 

 Japan. 



In habits this Cormorant does not appear to differ from its 

 allies, and its eggs resemble those of P. carlo and vary in size 

 from 2-36 by 1-49 to 2'48 by 1-69. 



779. PALLAS'S CORMORANT. 

 PHALACROCORAX FERSPICILLATUS. 



Phalacrocorax perspicillaMis, Pall. Zoogr. Ross. As. ii. p. 305 (1811); 

 Gould, Zool. Voy. Sulph. p. 49, pi. xxxii. ; Grant, Cat. B. Br. Mus. 

 xxvi. p. 357 ; Ridgway, p. 81 ; Stejn., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 

 1883, p. 65. 



Ad. Resembles P. licristatus but is considerably larger, the crown and 

 nape are bronze-purple, the general colour of the body less blue ; eye 

 surrounded with a broad white ring of naked skin, the naked skin 

 round the base of the bill and gular sac mixed red, white, and blue. 

 Culmen 3'75, wing 13'5, tail 7'2, tarsus 2'8 inch. 



Hob. Bering Island formerly, but is extinct since about 

 1852. 



