600 CYGNUS 



and Norweg. ; Sdngsvan, Swed. ; Njukca, Lapp. ; Joutsen, Finn. ; 

 Zebed-krikounn, Russ. ; 0-haku-cho, Jap. 



<J ad. (Norfolk). Differs from C. olor in lacking the frontal tubercle, 

 in having the base of the bill beyond the opening of the nostrils and the 

 bare loral space yellow, the rest of the bill black ; legs blackish ; iris dark 

 brown. Gape 3'95, wing 23'2, tail 8*9, tarsus 4'3 inch. The young bird 

 resembles that of C. olor, but has the bill dull flesh colour, the tip and 

 lateral margins black, and the legs dull flesh colour. 



Hob. Iceland, Lapland, and the northern regions of Europe 

 and Asia, migrating in winter south to the Mediterranean, 

 Central Asia, China, and Japan ; has once occurred in India. 



In habits the Whooper does not differ much from the Mute 

 Swan. It is however by no means a silent bird, and its clear 

 trumpet-like note may frequently be heard when flocks are 

 passing. Its food is the same as that of C. olor, but it not un- 

 frequently feeds on land like the Geese. It breeds in single 

 pairs in the vast morasses in the north, building a large nest ; 

 and in May deposits 4 to 6, seldom 7, pale yellowish white eggs 

 which measure about 4*6 by 2*87. 



C. buccinator, Richardson, the American Whooper, which 

 differs from C. musicus in having the bill deep black is said to 

 have been once obtained in Suffolk. 



838. BEWICK'S SWAN. 

 CYGNUS BEWICKI. 



Cygnus bewicki, Yarrell, Tr. Lin. Soc. xvi. 2, p. 453 (1830) ; Hewitson, 

 ii. p. 396, pi. cxi. fig. 1 ; Gould, B. of E. v. pi. 356 ; Dresser, vi. 

 p. 441, pi. 419, fig. 3 ; Salvadori, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxvii. p. 29 ; 

 Saunders, p. 415 ; Lilford, vii. p. 79, pi. 30 ; Seebohm, B. Jap. 

 Emp. p. 235 ; C. minor, Keyserl. and Bias. Wirbelth. Eur. p. 82 

 (1840); Gould, B. of Gt. Brit. v. pi. 10; David and Oust. Ois. 

 Chine, p. 494 ; Tacz. F. O. Sib. 0. p. 1118 ; C. melanorhinu$,Na.um. 

 p. 497, Taf. 297 (1842). 



Kleiner Schwan, German ; Kleine Zwaan, Dutch ; Pibsvane, 

 Dan. ; Haku-cho, Jap. 



( ad. (English coast). Differs from C. musicus in being smaller, in 

 having the base of the bill lemon-yellow, this colour not reaching to the 

 nostril, the rest of the bill being black ; legs black ; iris brown ; tail- 

 feathers usually 20. Gape 3'4, wing 187, tail 7'0, tarsus 3'85 inch. 



Hob. North-east Europe and Asia, in winter migrating south 

 to Britain, Scandinavia, continental Europe, Mongolia, China, 

 and Japan. In Europe it is a more eastern species than C. 

 musicus, and does not breed further west than European Russia. 



