C YGNUS TADORNA 6 1 



In habits it does not differ from its allies. It breeds in 

 northern Russia and Siberia, its eggs being similar to those of 

 C. musicus, but smaller, measuring only 3'3 by 2*4. 



The American representative of this species C. columbianus 

 (Ord) which has the bill deep black, with a patch of deep 

 orange, is said to have occurred in Scotland, but on very 

 doubtful evidence, and Dr. Stejneger obtained a young specimen 

 on Bering Island in Eastern Siberia in 1882. Cygnus davidi 

 Swinhoe (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 430) which is smaller than C. lewicki, 

 and has the beak and legs orange-red is said to have occurred 

 in Mongolia, but I have not been able to examine a specimen, 

 and have therefore not included it. 



TADORNA, Fleming, 1822. 



839. BURROW SHELDRAKE. 

 TADORNA CORNUTA. 



Tadorna cornuta (S. G. Gmel.), Reis. Russl. ii. p. 185, Taf. 19 (1774) ; 

 Dresser, vi. p. 451, pi. 420 ; Salvador!, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxvii. p. 171 ; 

 Blanf. F. Brit. Ind. Birds, iv. p. 427 ; Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. p. 241 ; 

 Saunders, p. 419 ; Lilford, vii. p. 83, pi. 32 ; A. tadorna, Linn. Syst. 

 Nat. i. p. 195 ; Naum. xi. p. 534, Taf. 298 ; (Tacz.), F. 0. Sib. 0. 

 p. 1124; T. vulpanser, Flem. Hist. Brit. Anim. p. 122 (1828); 

 Hewitson, ii. p. 397, pi. cxii. fig. 1 ; Gould, B. of E. v. pi. 357 ; id. 

 B. of Gt. Brit. v. pi. 11. 



Le Tadorne, French ; Pato-tarro, Span. ; Volpoca, Ital. ; 

 Bergente, Brandente, German ; Bergeend, Dutch ; Gravand, Dan. 

 and Norweg. ; Graf and, Swed. ; Ristisorsa, Kivisorsa, Finn. ; 

 Pegannka, Russ. ; Shdh-chakwa, Hindu. ; Tsukushi-gamo, Jap. 



<$ ad. (Norway). Head and upper neck black glossed with bottle- 

 green, the feathers on hind-crown and nape elongated ; lower neck white ; 

 back and band across the breast fox-red ; lower back, rump, upper tail- 

 coverts, and under parts white ; primaries and scapulars black ; secondaries 

 black on the inner and bottle-green on the outer webs, the elongated 

 inner secondaries chestnut and white with a black stripe ; a- broad stripe 

 of white all along the middle of the under parts ; under tail-coverts 

 orange-red ; bill blood-red with a large fleshy knob at the base above ; 

 legs rich flesh-red ; iris brown. Culmen 2'25, wing 13*0, tail 5 '2, tarsus 

 2'05 inch. Female rather smaller and duller in colour and lacks the knob. 

 In the young the black is replaced by dull dark brown, and the fox-red 

 by rufous brown. 



Hob. Europe generally, from the Lofoten islands to the 

 Mediterranean, west to the British Islands ; north Africa ; Asia 



