CLANGULA 



Garrot, French ; Ector $ , Perdigana d'aigua $ , Span. ; 



Quatr'occhi, Ital. ; Schellente, German : Brilecnd, Dutch ; 



Hvinand, Dan. and Norweg. ; Knipa, Swed. ; Sotka, Telkha, 

 Finn.; Gogol, Russ. ; Shinori-yamo, Jap. 



tf. (Norway). Head and upper neck black glossed with bottle- 

 green ; feathers on crown and nape elongated ; lower neck and under 

 parts white ; back, rump, lesser wing-coverts, primaries, and tail black, 

 the last tinged with grey ; speculum white ; scapulars white externally, 

 margined with black ; a large white spot on each cheek close to the gape ; 

 lower flanks and crissum marked with black ; bill blackish ; legs orange- 

 yellow ; iris yellow. Culmen 1'4, wing 8'8, tail 3'8, tarsus 1 '55 inch. The 

 female has the head and upper neck deep rich brown, the lower neck and 

 sides of fore-back slate-grey with pale tips ; upper parts greyish black ; 

 under parts whiter, the flanks greyish brown. The male in late summer 

 resembles the female, but may always be distinguished by its pure white 

 wing-coverts. 



Hob. Europe in the high north, migrating in winter to 

 south Europe and the northern coasts of Africa : Northern 

 Asia as far north as Kamchatka, migrating in winter to Japan, 

 Corea, China, arid India ; North America, in summer from 

 Maine and Canada northward, migrating in winter south to 

 Cuba and Mexico. 



In the summer it is found inland and being usually 

 unmolested during the breeding season it is b}^ no means shy, 

 but in the winter season, when it frequents the sea-coast it is 

 very shy and wary. It is a very expert diver, obtaining its 

 food under water and feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic 

 insects, and aquatic vegetable substance. It flies swiftly with 

 a whistling sound. Jt breeds in the high north in hollow 

 trees, in nesting-boxes set up for that purpose, and lines the 

 nest-hole plentifully with down. The eggs 10 to 12, sometimes 

 as many as 19 in number, are usually deposited in June, and 

 are greyish green, smooth in texture of shell and measure 

 about 2-40 by T55. 



863. BARROW'S GOLDEN-EYE. 

 CLANGULA ISLANDICA. 



Clangula islandlca (Gmel.), Syst. Nat. i. p. 541 (1788) ; Naum. xii 

 p. 186, Taf. 317 ; Dresser, vi. p. 603, pi. 441 ; Salvadori, Cat. B.Br. 

 Mus. xxvii. p. 383 ; (Ridgway), p. 105 ; C. barrovii, Swains. Faun. 

 Bor. Am. ii. p. 456, pi. 70 (1831) ; Gould, B. of E. v. pi 380. 



Niarkortok, Greenl. ; Husond, Icel. 



