(EDEMIA 627 



but these references may possibly apply to 0. deglandi, a very 

 closely allied, scarcely differing form, which inhabits North 

 America, or to 0. carlo. 



Frequents the sea-coasts in winter, only resorting to fresh- 

 water lakes and ponds during the nesting season. It swims 

 with ease and is an excellent diver, but on land it is clumsy 

 and heavy. Its food consists of bivalve mollusca in winter, 

 and of aquatic insects, worms, &c., in the summer. Its nest 

 may be either near to, or at some distance from water, and is 

 a depression in the soil under a bush, lined with down inter- 

 matted with grass and a few leaves. The eggs, 8 to 10 in 

 number, are usually deposited late in June or early in July, 

 and are uniform ivory-white with a creamy buff tinge, and 

 measure about 2 '7 5 by 1*95. 



868. KAMCHATKAN SCOTER. 

 GEDEMIA CARBO. 



(Edemia carlo (Pall.), Zoog. Koss. As. ii. p. 244 (1811) ; Salvador!, Cat. 

 B. Br. Mus. xxvii. p. 411 ; 0. stejnegeri, Ridgway, p. 112 (1887) ; 

 Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 1185 ; (Seebohm), B. Jap. Emp. p. 250. 



Differs from 0. fusca, in having the white mark more behind and not 

 below the eye ; the knob on the culmen is more elevated and with 

 anterior outline concave, the top forming a more or less conspicuous 

 projection ; sides of bill bright red. 



Hob. Kamchatka and North-eastern Siberia ; Japan, Mon- 

 golia, and China in winter. 



In habits it is said not to differ from 0. fusca, but so far as- 

 I can ascertain nothing is known respecting its modification. 



869. BLACK SCOTER. 

 CEDEMIA NIORA. 



(Edemia nigra (Linn.), Syst. Nat. i. p. 196 (1766) ; (Naum.), xii. p. 108,. 

 Taf. 312 ; Gould, B. of E. v. pi. 378 ; id. B. of Gt Brit, v. pi. 28 ; 

 Hewitson, ii. p. 421, pi. cxvi. fig. 1 ; Dresser, vi. p. 663, pi. 449 ^ 

 Salvador!, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxvii. p. 401 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. 

 p. 1189 ; Saunders, p. 465 ; Lilford, vii. p. 129, pi. 55. 



Macreuse, French ; Orchetto marino, Ital. ; Pato negro, Span. ; 

 Negrolla, Portug. ; Trauer-Ente, German ; Zwarte-Zeeeend, 

 Dutch ; Hrafnsond, Icel. ; Sort-and, Dan. ; Svart-and, Norweg. ; 

 Sjoorre, Swed. ; Njurkku, Lapp. ; Merilintu, Finn. ; Chernaya- 

 ootka, Kuss. 



T T 



