TETRASTES 701 



G-elinotte, French ; Grebul, Fabot, Span. ; Francolino di monte, 

 Ital. ; Hasclhulin, German ; Hjerpe, Hassclhonc, Dan. ; Jerpe , 

 Norweg. ; Hjerpe, Swed. ; Bakkus, Puogga, Lapp.; Pyy, Finn.; 

 Riabchik, Russ. ; Yezo-Rai-clw, Yamadori, Jap. 



<$ ad. (Sweden). Upper parts grey, in parts tinged with rufous, barred 

 with blackish and brown ; head crested ; lores, a spot under, and a line 

 behind the eye white ; cheeks and a band down the sides of the neck 

 white, slightly marked with black ; lower back, rump, and upper tail- 

 coverts clearer grey and less marked with blackish ; tail ashy grey freckled 

 with blackish and all but the middle feathers tipped with white, and with 

 a sub-apical black band ; moustachial region and throat deep black ; 

 under parts white slightly mottled with brown, the breast tinged, and the 

 flanks distinctly marked with rusty red ; bill blackish horn ; lower half 

 of the tarsus bare, and with the feet reddish brown tinged with grey ; iris 

 nut-brown ; eyelid rich red. Culmen 0'8, wing 6'3, tail 4'7, tarsus 1'25 

 inch. The female has the throat fulvous white sparingly marked with 

 black, and the white band on the neck is more indistinct. 



Hob. Scandinavia to about lat. 67 in Lapland, North Russia, 

 Germany, the western Pyrenees, Jura and Alps, North Italy, 

 the Carpathians, and Styrian Alps; Northern Asia, east to 

 Japan, north to Kamchatka, south to the Altai range, Manchuria 

 and North China. 



Is a resident frequenting mixed conifer and deciduous woods, 

 and especially aspen and birch groves. It feeds on buds and 

 tender shoots, seeds, berries, and insects, and seeks its food to a 

 large extent on the ground. When flushed it will perch, and sit 

 motionless squatted close to the branch like its American allies. 

 The call-note of the male is a somewhat low, prolonged whistle, 

 and that of the female a single sustained tih. It is strictly 

 monogamous, and nidification commences early in May. The 

 nest is carefully concealed, and is a depression scratched in the 

 ground, but scantily lined with a little grass, and the eggs, 10 

 to 14 in number, are rather elongate in shape, tapering some- 

 what towards the smaller end, pale yellowish or orange 

 yellowish in ground-colour, sparingly spotted with rufous, and 

 measure about 1*65 by 1*16. 



Specimens from different localities vary somewhat, those 

 from the high north being greyer, and those from Central and 

 Southern Europe more rufous. 







980. MENZBIER'S HAZEL GROUSE. 

 TETRASTES GRISEIVENTRIS. 



Tetrastes griseivcnlris, Menzbier, Bull. Mosc. iv. pt. i. p. 105, pi. iv. 

 (1880) ; (Dresser), ix. p. 329, pi. 704 ; Ogilvie Grant, Cat, B. Br. 

 Mus. xxii. p. 93. 



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