792 TOTANUS 



Chevalier guignette, French ; Magarico das rochas, Portug. ; 

 Lavandera cJiica, Siseta, Span. ; Piro-piro-piccolo, Ital. ; Fluss 

 Uferlaufer, German ; Oeverloopcr, Steenvirik, Dutch; Muddersneppe, 

 Dan. ; Strandsnipe, Norweg. ; Drillsnappa, Swed. ; Libik, Lapp. ; 

 Ranta-siippi, Koska-siippi, Finn. ; Beregovnik, Russ. 



$ ad. (N. Kussia). Upper parts bronzy olivaceous brown, the crown, 

 hind neck, and back, wing-coverts, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts barred 

 and narrowly striped with blackish ; primaries blackish, the secondaries 

 with a broad basal band and tips white ; middle tail-feathers like the back, 

 the rest white, barred with blackish ; chin and a streak over the eye white ; 

 sides of neck and breast pale ashy grey, striped with blackish ; rest of 

 under parts white ; base of bill dull fleshy, the rest dark brown ; legs 

 grey, tinged with green ; iris dark brown. Culmen 1-1, wing 4'5, tail 2'55, 

 tarsus 1 *0 inch. Sexes alike. In winter the upper parts are more uniform 

 and less marked with black ; the throat and breast greyer, and striped 

 less distinctly. The young have the feathers on the upper parts tipped 

 with brownish ochreous and narrowly barred with black. 



Hob. The whole of Europe from the Arctic Ocean to the 

 Mediterranean, breeding almost everywhere ; Africa, in winter 

 south to the Cape Colony ; Asia generally, north to Kamchatka ; 

 Japan, Corea, Mongolia, Manchuria, China, Burma, India; in 

 winter migrating south to Australia. 



Frequents inland streams, ponds, and lakes, and is not often 

 seen on the sea coast, nor does it collect in flocks, but is seen 

 singly or in pairs, and affects places where the shores of the 

 lakes or banks are wooded or covered more or less with bushes, 

 and is as a rule shy and wary. Its note is a shrill di, di, di, its 

 flight is rapid but wavering, and it frequently nods its head, 

 and jerks its tail when tripping along. It breeds in un- 

 frequented places near water, often on a river bank or some- 

 times in willow thickets, its nest being a mere depression 

 scantily lined with a few grass blades, and its 4 eggs, which are 

 usually deposited in May, vary from creamy white to warm 

 stone-buff in ground-colour, the surface markings from dull red 

 to brownish red, and the shell spots are purplish grey. In size 

 they measure about 1*42 by 1*04. 



1093. SPOTTED SANDPIPER. 

 TOTANUS MACULARIUS. 



Totanus macularius (Linn.), Syst. Nat. i. p. 249 (1766) ; Wilson, Am. 

 Orn. vii. p. 60, pi. 59, fig. 1 ; Hewitson, ii. p. 335, pi. xc. fig. 3 ; 

 Gould, B. of E. iv. pi. 317 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. iv. pi. 59 ; (Nauru.), 

 viii. p. 34, Taf. 195 ; Dresser, ix. p. 367, pi. 713 ; (Sharpe), Cat. B, 

 Br. Mus. xxiv. p. 468 ; Saunders, p. 605* ; Ridgway, p. 170 ; 

 Poynting, p. 199, pi. 42. 



