834 LARUS 



Hob. Southern Europe, in the west north to the Gulf of 

 Gascony, in the east to the Dvina ; the entire Mediterranean 

 basin ; Africa, in the west south to Angola, in the east to 

 Khartoum ; Madeira, the Canaries, and Azores : the Black Sea, 

 Caspian, arid Aral, eastward to Dauria ; wintering in Northern 

 India and on the coasts of Baluchistan and Sind ; has once 

 occurred in England. 



In habits this Gull does not differ from L. argentatus, and its 

 note is a similar ha-hti-ka. Nor does it differ in nidification, 

 and its eggs are similar. 



1146. SUBSP. LARUS VEG^E. 



Larus vegce, Stejn. Auk, 1888, p. 310 ; Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxv. 

 p. 269 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. O. p. 1028 ; Kidgway, p. 30 ; L. occidental 

 (nee. And.), Swinhoe, P.Z.S. 1863, p. 326 ; David o.nd Oust. Ois, 

 Chine, p. 520 ; L. cacJnnnans (nee. Pall.), David and Oust. op. cit. 

 p. 519 ; Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. p. 291. 



<J ad. (E. Siberia). Differs from L. cachinnans in having the mantle 

 darker and bluer, while the legs and feet are pale flesh-colour. Culmen 2'9 r 

 wing 17*9, tail 7'55, tarsus 2'69 inch. 



Hob. The Arctic coasts of Siberia from the Taimyr Peninsula 

 to Bering Straits and Kamchatka ; Japan and the coasts of 

 China south to the Bonin Islands and Formosa in winter, as also 

 the North-western American coasts down to California. 



In habits this Gull does not differ from L. argentatus, and 

 its eggs are described as being similar and measuring about 

 2-91 by 1-85. 



1147. LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL. 

 LARUS FUSCUS. 



Larus fuscus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 225 (1766) ; Nauru, x. p. 419, Taf, 

 267 ; Gould, B. of E. v. pi. 431 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. v. pi. 56 ; 

 Dresser, viii. p. 421, pi. 603 ; Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxv. 

 p. 250 ; id. Manual, p. 675 ; Kidgway, p. 28 ; Lilford, vi. p. 55 r 

 pi. 24. 



Gotland a pieds jaunes, French; Alcatmz, Portug. ; Zafferano, 

 Ital. ; fferingsmowe, German ; Kleine Mantelmeeuw, Dutch ; Silde- 

 maage, Dan. and Norweg. ; Sillmdse, Svved. ; Selkalokki, Finn. ; 

 Syeldielof, Russ. 



<$ ad. (Sweden). Head, neck, tail, and under parts white ; back and 

 wings black, the former faintly washed with slate ; first primary with a 



