838 LARUS 



in the ground, lining it scantily with grass. Its 3 eggs 

 resemble those of L. marinus, but are subject to rather more 

 variation both in ground-colour and markings. 



1152. ICELAND GULL. 

 LARUS LEUCOPTERUS. 



Larus leucopterus, Faber, Proclrom. Isl. Orn. p. 91 (1822) ; Nauin. x. 

 p. 367, Taf. 265 ; Hewitson, ii. p. 498, pi. cxxxix. figs. 1, 2 ; Dresser, 

 viii. p. 439, pi. 606 ; Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxv. p. 295 ; id. 

 Manual, p. 681 ; Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 1023 ; Ridgway, p. 26 j 

 Lilford, vi. p. 62, pi. 28 ; L. islandicus, Edmonst. Mem. Wern. Soc. 

 iv. p. 506 (1823) ; Gould, B. of E. v, pi. 433 ; id. B. of Gt. Brit. v. 

 pi. 58. 



Goeland leucoptere, French ; Polarmowe, German ; Kleine 

 JBurgemeester, Dutch ; Hvitmdfr, Icel. ; Hvidvinget-Maage, Dan. 

 and Norweg. ; Hvitvingad Trut, Swed. 



^ ad. (Greenland). Differs from L. glaucus in being smaller, with a 

 proportionately longer wing. Culmen 2 '5, height of bill at base 0'65, 

 wing 16-8, tail 7 '6, tarsus 2 '5 inch. 



Hob. Jan Mayen Island and Greenland in summer ; in winter 

 to Iceland, the Faroes, Great Britain, Scandinavia (rarely), once 

 in Finland, and as far south as the Gulf of Gascony in severe 

 winters ; Atlantic coasts of North America, south, in winter, to 

 Massachusetts and the Great Lakes. 



In habits it does not differ from L. glaucus. It breeds in 

 Greenland, its nest being a mere depression in the ground, 

 slightly lined with a few grass-bents, and it deposits 2 to 3 

 eggs, which resemble those of L. glaucus, but are smaller, 

 measuring about 2'78 by 1'87. 



1153. GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULL. 

 LARUS GLAUCESCENS. 



Larus glaucescens, Naum. Vog. Deutschl. x. p. 351 (1840) ; Seebohm^ 

 B. Jap. Emp. p. 290 ; Saunders, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xxv. p. 284 ; 

 Tacz. F. 0. Sib. 0. p. 1019 ; Ridgway, p. 27. 



ad. (Alaska). Differs from L. glaucus in wing pattern, and in 

 Having the mantle blue-grey ; scapulars, secondaries, and primaries broadly 

 tipped with white, the colour of the quills being two shades of ashy grey ; 

 1st quill broadly terminated with white, the 2nd with a white sub- 

 terminal spot on each web, the 3rd whitish at the apex of the wedge of the 

 grey inner web, the 4th pale grey on the greater part of both webs, the 

 darker colour being as a distinct bar, the 5th with a smaller dark bar 

 surmounted by white, the 6th similar, but the bar reduced to a spot on 



