850 PUFFINUS 



Pttrel Manks, French ; Furabuxo, ChirSta, Portug. ; Animas, 

 Diablos, Span. ; Berta-minore, Ital. ; Nordischer Tauchersturmvogel, 

 German ; Noordsche-Pijlstormvogel, Dutch ; Skropa, Icel. ; Al- 

 minddig Skraape, Dan. ; Lire, Norweg. ; Mindre Lira, Swed. 



ad. (Orkney). Crown, sides of head, and upper parts generally black, 

 the sides of head slightly marked with white ; the hind neck tinged with 

 grey ; entire under parts, flanks, and under wing-coverts white ; upper 

 mandible blackish brown ; lower mandible bluish horn ; iris dark brown ; 

 legs bluish flesh-colour. Culmen 1/6, wing 9'3, tail 3'2, tarsus 1/9 inch. 



Hob. North Atlantic Ocean ; Iceland, the Faeroes ; the British 

 Islands ; of occasional occurrence on the coasts of Norway, 

 Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and Germany, more common in 

 Western Europe, Morocco, Canaries, and Madeira ; the Atlantic 

 coast of America, south to Brazil. 



Essentially an ocean bird it only visits land during the breed- 

 ing season, and may be seen far out at sea gliding with a Swift- 

 like flight, close to the surface of the water. During the nest- 

 ing season it is partly crepuscular, remaining in its hole during 

 the day, and coming out in the evening. It breeds in burrows 

 in the soil on cliffs, placing its single egg either on the bare 

 ground or on a scanty pad of dry herbage at the end of its }iole. 

 The eggs, which are laid in May or early in June, are white, 

 smooth in texture, and measure about 2'37 by 1'65. 



1168. SUBSP. PUFFINUS YELKOUANUS. 



Puffinus yelkouanus (Acerbi), Bibl. Ital. cxl. p. 294 (1827) ; Salvin, Cat. 

 B. Br. Mus. xxv. p. 379 ; P. baroli, Bonelli, fide Bp. Compt. Rend, 

 xlii. p. 769 (1856). 



$ ad. (Bosphorus). Closely resembles P. anglorum, but has the upper 

 parts rather paler and browner ; the under tail-coverts as a rule dusky 

 brown, and the axillaries brown towards the tips. Culmen 1*9, wing 9'0> 

 tail 2'75, the middle feathers about 0'15 longer than the lateral ones, 

 tarsus 1*8, middle and outer toes 1*95, inner toe 1/55. 



Hob. The Mediterranean; has occurred off the coasts of 

 Northumberland, Yorkshire, Devonshire, and Cornwall. 



This is a very doubtful southern form or race of our Manx 

 Shearwater, which does not differ in habits or nidification from 

 that species. It breeds in the Mediterranean, chiefly on the 

 islands in the eastern portion. 



