90 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



ceae), contains HCN, and Greshoff says must henceforth be counted among the 

 poisonous plants. Of the Grass Family (Gramineae) quite a number of species 

 such as the Stipa lessingiana, are now known to contain HCN. Some of them 

 like our Stipa robusta, have been known to be toxic for a long time, but such 

 genera as the Quaking Grass, Briza (Catabrosa), Wild rye (Elymus), Manna 

 Grass (Glyceria), Salt Grass Holcus lanatus all contain HCN. 



CUMARIN: The substance cumarin also occurs in many different plants 

 which we may list as follows: 



Talauma (Magnoliaceae) ; Phoenix (Palmae) ; Dipteryx, Toluifera, Mel- 

 ilotus (Leguminosae) ; Prunus (Rosaceae) ; Ceratopetalum (Saxifragaceae) ; 

 Asperula, Basanacantha, Borreria, Diodia, Galium, Mitracarpum, Spermacoce 

 (Rubiaceae) ; Ageratmn, Chrysanthemum, Hupatorium, Humea, Trilisa, Liatris 

 (Compositae) ; Alyxia (Apocynaceae) ; Hemidesmus (Asclepiadaceae) ; Rhina- 

 canthus (Acanthaceae), Aceras, Angraecum, Orchis (Orchidaceae) ; Hierochloe, 

 Anthoxanthum (Gramineae) ; Adiantum, Cheilanthes, Polypodium (Filices) ; 

 Lactarius, Russula (Fungi). 



CYTISIN. Greshoff reports cytisin as occuring in the following plants of 

 the Pulse family: Cytisus Adami; C. alpinus; C. Alschingeri; C. biflorus; C. 

 hirsutus; C. Laburnum, seed 1.8 per cent; C. nigricans; C. polytrichus; C. pro- 

 liferus; C. Weldeni; C. Attleanus; C. candicans; C. formosissimus; C. monspes- 

 sulanus; C. Ruthenicus; C. scoparius; Ulex europaeus, seed 1 per cent; U. 

 Jussiae; Genista ephedroides; G. monosperma, seed 1.9 per cent; G. florida; G. 

 germanica; G. spicata; G. tinctoria; G. ramosissima; Sophora secundiflora, 

 seed 3.5 per cent; 5*. tomentosa; S. flavescens; S. sericea; Baptisia perfoliata; 

 B. tinctoria; B. alba; B. australis; B. leucantha; B. versicolor ; Huchresta Hors- 

 fieldii, Anagyris foetida, Rauwerda reported it in 28 species of Lotus, L. 

 suaveolens; Thermo psis Caroliniana; and Th. montana. 



In some instances apparently the same alkaloidal substance was first reported 

 in some plants, but later investigations have shown that these substances are not 

 identical. For instance Schlotterbeck who investigated the alkaloids found in 

 the poppy family, especially Argemoma Mexicana, reported that this plant does 

 not contain morphin but protopin and berberin. 



