IMPORTANT POISONOUS PLANTS 131 



Hydro phyllaceae. Waterleaf Family. 



Phacelia circinata Jacq. Rough Phacelia. 



This plant is common in the Rocky Mountains. It produces rough bristles 

 and causes considerable irritation and inflammation; other species act in a simi- 

 lar way. 



Boraginaceae. Borage Family. 



Heliotropium Europaeum L. Wild Heliotrope. 



This plant contains a poisonous alkaloid and as well as the H. indicum L. 

 has long been regarded as poisonous. 



Cynoglossum officinale L. Hound's Tongue. 



Poison acts much like Curare. 



Cynoglossum virginicum L. Wild Comfrey. 



Supposed to be poisonous. 



Lappula officinalis Lehm. Stickweed. 



The fruit of this plant gets into the wool of sheep and sometimes produces 

 mechanical injuries. 



Echium vulgare L. Viper's Bugloss. 



Occasionally spontaneous, probably in the Eastern part of the state. Con- 

 tains a poisonous alkaloid. 



Verbenaceae. Verbena Family. 



Callicarpa americana L. Mexican Mulberry. 



Common in the southern states. Several Asiatic species of the genus used 

 as fish poisons. No report of poisoning from the American species is recorded. 



Labiatae. Mint Family. 



Scutellaria galericulata L. Marsh Skullcap. 



Common in wet places in the North. Suspected of producing poisoning. 



Stachys arvensis L. Corn or Field Woundwort. 



Waste places, especially along the Atlantic Coast. Suspected. 



Galeopsis tetrahit L. Dead Nettle. 



Common hemp nettle with purplish flowers and stiff calyx bristles. Com- 

 mon Eastward and in the Northwest in British Columbia and Washington. 

 Causes irritation. 



Xepeta hederacea (L.) Trevisan. Ground Ivy. 



Widely naturalized in the state. It is said to be poisonous to horses. 



Hedeoma pulegioides Pers. Pennyroyal. 



Common, especially in clay soils in Eastern Iowa. The oil is known to 

 cause poisoning. 



Leonurus Cardiaca L. Common Motherwort. 



Known to produce mechanical injuries and dermatitis. Widely distributed 

 in the U. S., naturalized in Europe. 



Solanaceae. Ninghshadt Family. 



Xicandra Physalodes (L.) Pers. Apple of Peru. 



Cultivated here and there in Iowa. Said to be poisonous. Used as a fly 

 poison in parts of the United States. 



Solanum nigrum L. Black Nightshade. 



The leaves and other parts of the plants are reputed to be poisonous to 

 calves, sheep, goats and swine, and the green berries are known to be poisonous 

 to man. The fruit of a form of this species is cultivated as an esculent. 



