698 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



TUBIFLORAE 



Mostly herbs, rarely shrubs or trees; corolla generally gamopetalous, irreg- 

 ular or regular; stamens adnate to the corolla tube and generally alternate with 

 them; overy 1-celled, occasionally deeply 4-lobed. 



Among the important families of this order are the Polcmoniaceae, con- 

 taining the ornamental Phlox Drummondii, the perennial P. maculata, P. divari- 

 cata, and P. pilosa, many cultivated varieties of Phlox and of Gilia, of which G. 

 aggregata and Collomia gracilis are examples. According to Greshoff Gilia aggre- 

 gata contains saponin. It is regarded as a poisonous plant. The order also includes 

 Pedaliaceae, including the sesame (Sesamum indicum} which furnishes the valu- 

 able sesame oil, the plant being indigenous to the East Indies ; the Orobanchaceae 

 which contains the troublesome broom rapes, (O. ramosa and O. minor} ; the 

 Gesneriaceae containing the Gloxinias, native to Mexico but cultivated in this 

 country as greenhouse plants; the Lcntibulariaceae which includes the 

 bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) and other insectivorous plants which are 

 sometimes destructive to fish, and the butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris) found 

 in northern regions, the leaves of which are used by the Lapps to curdle rein- 

 deer's milk and also to thicken fresh warm milk so that it will neither curdle 

 nor form cream afterward but makes a palatable tenacious mass, a small por- 

 tion of which will act similarly upon another quantity of fresh milk; and the 

 Acanthaccae containing several plants cultivated as ornamentals like the 

 Thunbergia alata and the Ruellias. The Ruellia ciliosa is used as a substitute 

 for Spigelia and is common in the central states to Iowa and Southward. The 

 Barleria Prionitis of Siam is used for snake bites. The Strobilanthes callosus, 

 a shrub found in India, is an irritant poison, according to Major Kirtikar, these 

 irritant properties being due to hairs on the leaves. 



FAMILIES OF TUBIFLORAE 



Corolla generally regular. 



Ovary not 4 lobed, ovules 2 or more. 



Style 1, ovary 2-celled; fruit a berry or capsule Solanaceae. 



Style 1, entire 2-cleft or 2-parted; frequently twining plants 



Convolvulaceae. 



Style 1, 2-lobed or 2-parted; herbs not twining Hydrophyllaceae. 



Ovary generally 4-lobed Boraginaceae 



Corolla generally irregular. 



Ovary generally 4-lobed Labiatae. 



Ovary not 4-lobed. 



Placentae axillary Scrophulariaceae. 



Placentae parietal Bignoniaceae. 



CONVOLVULACEAE 



Chiefly twining or trailing herbs, shrubs or trees, some with milky juice; 

 alternate leaves without stipules; flowers regular and perfect; calyx inferior, 

 5-parted or 5-divided ; a 5-lobed or plaited corolla, convolute or twisted in the 

 bud; stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes; 

 a 2-celled, rarely 3-celled ovary with a pair of erect ovules in each cell. About 

 900 species of wide distribution, but chiefly in warm regions. Contains a 

 number of important economic plants, among them the sweet potato (Ipomoea 



