754 



MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



Fig. 439a. Illustrating structure of Compositae. Thistle 

 (Cirsium altissimum). 1, head; 2, leaf; 3, outer bracts of head; 

 4, inner bracts; 5, single flower; a, achene; b, pappus; c, tubu- 

 lar corolla with 5 lobes; d, anthers; e, style. 6, style enlarged 

 with two stigmas and pollen grains on style; 7, syngenesious 

 anthers cut lengthwise to show pollen grains and tailed appen- 

 dages; 8, single pollen grain. (Charlotte M. King). 



the Inula Helenium, native to Europe and occasionally naturalized in the north- 

 ern states. It is a mild tonic and contains inulin C 6 H ]Q O 5 , helenin and a volatile 

 oil. The pellitory root (Anacyclus Pyre thrum} contains pyrethrin with a pungent 

 taste, which, according to Dunstan, is apparently identical with piperovatin C 16 

 H 21 NO 2 . used for toothache; the flowers of Roman chamomile (Anthemis 

 nobilis} are used as a tonic and stomachic. However, German chamomile 

 (Matricaria Chamomilla") is sometimes substituted for the preceding and con- 

 tains anthemidin and a deep-blue volatile oil. Santonica, a species of worm- 

 wood, Artemisia Ciiia, contains santonin C 15 H lg O 3 , and cinerol C 1Q H 18 O 6 , is 



