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or, if in one somewhat" poorer, a little old well-rotted 

 manure has been added during the trenching, there is not 

 the least need for these kindnesses. As a general state- 

 ment it may be said that orchard manuring is best done by 

 top-dressing, turning the material into the upper tilth to be 

 carried slowly by solution down to the level of the roots. 

 As each, tree is brought into place, a note of its position 

 and name is entered in the foremau's book, something 

 thus. Say it is peaches we are handling u Row A, 1-10, 

 Eoyal George ; il-20, Grosse Mignon," and so on. From 

 these data taken at the moment, the chart of the orchard 

 is compiled, so that there may be no reliance either upon a 

 vague remembrance or upon the salesman's labels, which 

 wind and rain will soon render illegible. In this plan 

 every row is carefully plotted, and the individual trees 

 have their names entered in where they stand. By prefer- 

 ence make the plan upon a piece of the transparent tracing 

 linen used by surveyors. It does not readily tear, as all 

 paper will do, unless mounted on calico or other tissue. 

 Do not fold it square-wise, lest it rub through at the kinks 

 with much use, but rather fold it exactly like a window- 

 blind on a light wooden roller. It is not at all superfluous 

 to make the plan out in duplicate, so that in case of 

 accidents, fire or what not destroying the first copy, you 

 will not be utterly at sea as to the names and whereabouts 

 of your fruit-sorts. It may well be said that next to our 

 habit of letting seedlings run on to fruit, neglect of this 

 simple precaution is perhaps the chief cause of the absence 

 of any general knowledge of fruit-sorts and the qualities 

 which distinguish them one from another. "We have to 

 acquire such an amount of what is rather grandiloquently 

 called " pomology," in order to hold our own against 

 foreign growers who know fruit-sorts at sight as they 

 know their dogs and horses. It is not a good plan to 

 stake your young plants in the usual way Avith a suppDrt 

 drive n in among the roots you have so carefully established. 

 Much mischief is often done by this ill-considered opera- 

 tion. Yearling trees when headed back will almost always 

 be so inconsiderable in bulk as to afford no opposition to 

 the wind, and this is an additional reason for beginning a 

 plantation with them instead of with two to three year 



