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fashion of dwarf low-headed trees has led to the general 

 use of the Paradise Douciii stock which produces a charac- 

 teristic dwarf growth, just as quince stocks do for the pear. 

 There is however one unfortunate disability about it. The 

 Paradise stock is very liable to the attacks of the woolly 

 American blight insect, Schizoneura Ivnigera, which is, in a 

 less fatal degree, the scourge of the apple as the phylloxera 

 is of the vine. Of this insect there are two forms or stages, 

 one subterranean, on the roots, the other aerial, on the 

 trunk and branches. The latter can be combated with 

 comparative case by repeated spraying. But no efforts 

 avail to cope with the underground enemy and make a full 

 end of him. Even bisulphide of carbon can hardly be 

 applied in sufficient dose to destroy the insect, without 

 seriously injuring the roots themselves. And if the colonies 

 on the stem and branches be killed out completely, new 

 emigrants creep up from below, moult and change into the 

 aerial form, and renew the plague. Exactly what has been 

 done to circumvent the phylloxera on the vine roots is now 

 being done in regard of the Schizoneura. It has been found 

 that several sorts of apple, particularly the Northern Spy 

 and the Winter Majetin, enjoy a comparative immunity 

 from the attacks of the Schizoneura. Fortunately these two 

 sorts have each their special character. The former has a 

 strong erect growth and a compact fibrous root. The latter 

 tends to make a more horizontal spread of branches, and 

 has long rambling roots. There is little difference in their 

 resistent power. Hence the Winter Majetin is selected for 

 loose sandy soils of slight consistency, and in these its 

 peculiar root-habit gives it a firm hold and enables it to 

 maintain itself when a Northern ^py would certainly be 

 blown over. All that has been said respecting the necessity 

 for reconstituting the Cape vineyards upon the resistent 

 riparia and rupestris may in a less urgent manner be pressed 

 upon the attention of the fruit-grower whose speciality is 

 the apple, and it would be well for those who are for the 

 first time starting an orchard to refuse to purchase any 

 apple graftlings which the seller cannot guarantee to be 

 worked on one or other of the stocks above mentioned. 

 For the present, doubtless, growers will be content to pur- 

 chase their grafted resistent apple yearlings from those who* 



