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out. After a year's growth, when the grafting season 

 comes round again, the special variety required is grafted 

 upon this shoot, or if the shoot be strong enough, budding 

 the selected sort may be done the same season. When 

 these have made a start, you have a pedigree apple with a 

 resistent trunk-base and resistent root. But both Majetin 

 and Spy are strong-growing kinds of apple, and give their 

 habit of growth, more or less, to the scions they bear. If 

 therefore a dwarfing effect is desired, an additional step is 

 requisite. Upon the resistent shoot, at the end of the first 

 year, there is grafted a Paradise scion. When this is estab- 

 lished satisfactorily, and the proper season arrives, the 

 ultimate variety wanted is budded or grafted upon this 

 Paradise intermediate bearer, and thus a peculiar dwarfing 

 effect is transmitted to it. Thus we may finally have a 

 tree which is, for example, Eibstone Pippin in its head of 

 branches and upper stem, Paradise at the base and collar, 

 and Winter Majetin at the roots. Perhaps some will con- 

 sider a crop of apples not worth all this trouble. But this 

 compilation is not written for those who want to avoid 

 trouble. Those who long to grow apples without the never 

 ending warfare with the woolly aphis are the people addressed, 

 and they will take any amount of trouble to be quits 

 with the enemy, and also will not grudge the extra sum of 

 threepence per tree charged by the nurseryman for his 

 apple trees guaranteed to be worked upon resistent stocks. 



PLANTING AND GTROWIJSG. It has before been stated that 

 it is best to purchase graf tlings of a year old. When planted 

 the little apple trees are cut back about knee-high, not only 

 to give the roots the best chance of making a vigorous start 

 before they are called on to supply moisture to a head of 

 leafage, but far more to enable the grower to form the tree 

 to pattern. It is a very common practice for those who 

 have started a garden with no gardening knowledge to plant 

 trees just as they come from the nursery and let them grow 

 as they will. If you were to go to these amateur places, 

 whip out your knife and cut the little apple trees down to 

 knee-height, the owner probably would never forgive you. 

 You might explain that a yearling with twenty or more 

 buds, all starting, could not fail to grow a besom head of 



