103 



paraffine emulsion with the spray-pump, using the finest 

 nozzle available, directed from inside the tree to take the 

 enemy in the rear, speedily disposes of the difficulty. 



Complaints are often made of walnuts not germinating 

 when sown, and of difficulty in transplanting them from 

 the nursery. The real reason is the general carelessness 

 with which the nuts are stored and the frequency with 

 which a fungous mould is allowed to penetrate the shell. 

 The walnut is natuially very slow in germinating. The 

 seed-bed should therefore be well trenched and drained and 

 be so deep as to preclude chances of its ever drying out 

 below the depth of the seed, or requiring heavy waterings. 

 The nuts should be planted with the outer shell still on, 

 and not more than a full inch below the surface. When 

 seedlings have completed their second season they should 

 be transplanted, because the habit of the walnut, like that 

 of the oak, is to develop an enormous tap-root with com- 

 paratively few lateral expansions. By transplanting, this 

 tendency is overcome, the descending axis is cut smoothly 

 off and a fine output of subsidiary lateral roots follows. If 

 the walnuts are sown where they are intended to remain, 

 and if there is not underneath a barren subsoil, a rocky or 

 a watery substratum, transplanting may be let alone. But 

 it is the safest course all round. 



Attention is directed to the reports of the late excellent 

 Forest Officer, Mr. J. H. Cooper, upon the growth of the 

 Walnut in the districts of Can go and Oudtshoorn, given in 

 the Keport of the Superintendent of Woods and Forests for 

 1888, pp. 39-40. 



As with the walnut so to some extent with the chestnut, 

 the French growers lead the way. It is less choice as to 

 soil and will succeed on soil altogether too heavy for the 

 walnut. But it is more likely to deteriorate or throw back 

 in seedlings than is its companion, and very many trees 

 bear mere empty burs all through their useless lives. Hence 

 there is the more need to be careful in selection and in 

 working. It succeeds best by annular budding, but may 

 be side-grafted with a little care and by the intervention of 

 the earth mound. The seedlings should be treated by 

 transplanting, the same way as the walnut, left a season, 

 budded, and afterwards planted out in the fourth year at 

 farthest. 



