LIA 



237 



UL 



with the aid of a little water, to 

 an impalpable powder. 



lianas, n. plu., li-dn'ds, or lianes, 

 n. plu., ll-dnz' (probably a native 

 name ; Sp. liar, to fasten), in 

 bot., luxuriant woody climbers, 

 like those met with in tropical 

 forests. 



liber, n. , llb'er (L. liber, the inner 

 bark of a tree, a book), the 

 fibrous inner bark of trees or 

 plants ; the endophloeum : libri- 

 form, a., IW-rl-form (L. forma, 

 shape), having the form of 

 fibrous bark. 



lichen, n. , likf-tin or l&MVn (L. lich- 

 en, a lichen), a skin eruption con- 

 sisting of small pimples or papules, 

 sometimes appearing in clusters, 

 so named from its supposed resem- 

 blance to lichens : lichenous, a. , 

 lik'Zn-us, of or belonging to the 

 skin eruption called lichen. 



Lichenes, n. plu., lik-en'-ez, also 

 Lichens, n. plu., lik'-enz or litsh'- 

 &nz (L. lichen, a lichen, llchenis, 

 of a lichen ; Gr. leichen, the 

 liverwort), the Lichen family, an 

 Order of plants forming a thallus 

 which is either foliaceous, crust- 

 aceous, or pulverulent : lichenic, 

 a., lik-en'-ik, pert, to lichens: 

 lichenin, n., Uk'-en-m, the pecul- 

 iar starch extracted from * Cet- 

 raria islandica, ' or Iceland moss : 

 lichenoid, a., tik'-tn-oyd (Gr. 

 eidos, resemblance), irregularly 

 lobed, as the leafy lichens. 



lienal, a., li-enf-al (L. lien, the 

 milt or spleen, lienis, of the 

 spleen), of or pert, to the spleen : 

 lienculus, n., ti-eng'-kul-us (L. 

 dim.), a small or supplementary 

 spleen. 



ligament, n., lig'-a-ment (L. liga- 

 mentum, a band, a tie from ligo, 

 I bind), the strong fibrous sub- 

 stance which connects the ends 

 of the moveable bones, and which 

 sometimes protects the joints by 

 a capsular envelope : ligamentum 

 nucha3, nu'-lce (mod. L. nucha, 

 the nape of the neck, nuchce, of 



the nape said to be from Arabic), 

 the band of elastic fibres by which 

 the weight of the head in Mam- 

 malia is supported : ligamenta 

 lata, plurals, tig'-a-ment'-d ldt<d 

 (L. Idtus, wide, broad), broad 

 ligaments. 



ligature, n., lig'*at-ur (L. ligatufi, 

 bound), a cord or thread of silk, 

 hemp, catgut, etc., employed to 

 tie a blood-vessel or tumour. 



ligneous, a., tig'-rie-us (L. lignum, 

 wood), woody ; resembling wood: 

 lignin, n., lig'-nm, woody matter 

 which thickens the cell-walls : 

 lignum vitse, vtt'e (L. vita, life, 

 vitce, of life), the Guaiacum 

 officinale, a beautiful "W. Indian 

 tree whose wood is prized for its 

 hardness. 



ligula, n., lig'-ula (L. ligula, a 

 little tongue, a shoe-strap), in bot., 

 the strap-shaped florets of Com- 

 positse ; in anat. , a thin lamina : 

 ligulate, a., lig'-ul-dt, in bot., 

 having strap-shaped florets as in 

 the dandelion : ligule, n., lig'-ul, a 

 tie ; a process arising from the 

 petiole of grasses where it joins 

 the blade : liguliflorse, n. plu., 

 lig'-ul-i-flor'-e, (L. flos, a flower, 

 floris, of a flower), composite 

 plants having ligulate florets : 

 liguliflorate, a., -flor'-at, having 

 ligulate florets. 



Ligustrum, n., lig-ust'-rum (L. 

 liguslrum, the plant privet), a 

 genus of privets, Ord. Oleaceae : 

 Ligustrum vulgare, vulg-dr'-e (L. 

 vulgdris, common), the common 

 privet, w r ell suited for hedges, 

 whose leaves are astringent : L. 

 lucidum, I6s'-id-um (L. lucidm, 

 clear, bright), yields a kind of 

 waxy excretion, usefully employed 

 in China : L. ibota, Ib'-ot-a (un- 

 ascertained), a Japan privet on 

 which the wax insect feeds. 



lilac, n., lil'-ak (Sp. lilac, F. lilas, 

 the lilac), the Syringa vulgaris, a 

 shrub producing abundance of 

 purple-coloured or white flowers : 

 lilacine, n., lil'-as-m, a principle 



