VAL 



435 



VAR 



belonging to a kitchen gardener 

 from tilitor, a kitchen gardener), 

 a species whose young leaves are 

 eaten as a salad, called by the 

 French Mdche, and by the 

 English Lamb's lettuce, and corn 

 salad: valerianic or valeric acid, 

 *1U*8r<i*&n<&, val-er'ik, an acid 

 forming the leading ingredient 

 of the volatile oil obtained from 

 the Valerian root. 



Vallisneria, n. ,<ya^>rcer^-a(after 

 Vallisneri, an Italian botanist), a 

 genus of aquatic plants, Ord. 

 Hydrocharidaceae : Vallisneria 

 spiralis, splr-al'-is (L. splrdlis, 

 spiral from spira, a twist), a 

 dioecious aquatic plant, the female 

 flower developing along the spiral 

 peduncle by which it reaches the 

 surface of the water in order to 

 receive the pollen ; Vallisneria. as 

 well as Anacharis, show under the 

 microscope the rotation of proto- 

 plasm in their cells: VallisnerieaB, 

 n. plu., val'lis'-ner !''%&, a tribe or 

 Sub- order. 



valve, n., valv (L. valvce, folding 

 doors, valvdtus, having folding 

 doors), a cover or lid opening in 

 one direction, and shutting in 

 another ; in bot., one of the pieces 

 into which a pericarp or fruit 

 separates, when separating natur- 

 ally ; in anat. , folds of membrane 

 guarding certain orifices and 

 channels: valvate, a., valv r -dt, 

 in bot. , united or applied to each 

 other by the margins only, as 

 leaves in flower-buds or leaf-buds, 

 the former being called valvate 

 aestivation, the latter valvate 

 vernation; opening by valves, 

 like the parts of certain seed- 

 vessels : valvular, a., valv'-ul-ar, 

 of or containing valves : valvul- 

 itis, n.jValv'ul'U'is, inflammation 

 of valves. 



valvulae conniventes, valv'-ul-e 

 kb'n'niv-Znt'ez (L. dim. volvulus 

 from valvce, folding doors ; 

 ctinnlvens, winking, connivZntes, 

 plu.), in anat. 9 the permanent 



folds which exist in the lining 

 membrane of the small intestine. 



Vanilla, n., van-il'-la (Sp. vainilla, 

 a small pod or husk from vaina, 

 a scabbard or sheath), a genus 

 of delightfully aromatic plants, 

 Ord. Orchidacese : Vanilla plani- 

 folia, pldn f 'i'fol f 'i-d (L. pldmts, 

 flat ; fdttum, a leaf) ; and V. 

 aromatica, ar'-dm-at'-ilc-a, (L. 

 dromdticus, aromatic, fragrant 

 from aroma, a spice), two species 

 whose fleshy pod-like fruit, as well 

 as that of other species, constitute 

 the fragrant substance called Van- 

 ilia, employed to flavour confec- 

 tionary, chocolate, etc. 



vapours, n. plu., vap'erz (L. 

 vapor, steam, exhalation ; F. 

 vapeur), a disease characterised 

 by nervous debility and depres- 

 sion of spirits ; hysteria. 



varicella, n., var'-is-el'la (a dim. 

 from vdrldla, small-pox from 

 varms, variegated, spotted), the 

 chicken-pox or glass-pock. 



varices, n. iplu.,var'is-ez(L. vdrix, 

 a dilated vein, vdricis, of a dilated 

 vein, varices, dilated veins), 

 dilatations of veins ; in zool, the 

 ridges or spinose lines marking a 

 former position of the mouth in 

 certain univalve shells : varicose, 

 a., vdr'-ik'dz, denoting veins in a 

 permanent state of dilatation, with 

 an accumulation of dark-coloured 

 blood: varicocele, n., var'tk-d- 

 sel f (Gr. kele, a tumour), a swell- 

 ing of the veins of the scrotum ; 

 also of the spermatic cord : varix, 

 n., vdr'-iks, varices, n. plu., 

 vdr f -is-ez, a dilatation and con- 

 voluted state of the veins, accom- 

 panied with an accumulation of 

 dark-coloured blood, due generally 

 to an obstruction of the current 

 of the blood towards the heart. 



variety, n., var-i'-e't-i (L. varl&tas, 

 diversity from varius, different, 

 changing), a minor diiference, as 

 in form, colour, size, etc., exist- 

 ing in an individual of the same 

 species, among animals or plants : 



