488 NOMENCLATURE OF CLASSIFICATION. 



II. LIQUID MEASURE For Water, Spirits, Wines, etc. 



4 gills = 1 pint (pt. ). 

 2 pints = 1 quai u (qt. ). 

 4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal.), 



III. APOTHECARIES' FLUID MEASURE. 



60 minims (mm.Lx) = 1 fluid dram (f.5J) 

 8 fluid drams (ff.5viij) = 1 fluid ounce (f.j). 



20 fluid ounces (ff.gxx) = 1 pint (Oj). 

 8 pints (Oviij) = 1 gallon. 



1 ounce of distilled water weighs 1 ounce avoirdupois. 



The pint and gallon are the same as the imperial pint and gallon. 



NOTE. m=l minim ; mm=:2or more minims : f=fluidj ff=2or 

 more of the fluid thing named. 



NOMENCLATURE OF CLASSIFICATION IN THE VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL 



KINGDOMS. 



I. Species, an assemblage of individuals, resembling each other in 

 their essential characters, and having a community of descent, 

 comprising varieties and races. 



II. Genus, a group of species, possessing a community of essential 

 details of structure. 



III. Family, a group of genera, agreeing in their general characters. 



IV. Order, a group of families related to one another by structural 



characters common to all. 



NOTE. Family and Order are often used synonymously, especially 



in botany. 



V. Class, a very large division, comprising animals or plants which are 

 formed upon the same fundamental plan of structure, but which 

 differ in the method in which the plan is executed. 

 Sub-kingdom, a primary division of the animal or vegetable kingdom. 



Example of the Animal Kingdom. 



Sub-kingdom, Vertebrata, or vertebrate animals. 



Class, Mammalia, or animals which suckle their young. 



Order, Carnivora, or beasts of prey. 



Family, Canidce, or genera of the dog kind. 



Genus, Canis, the dog kind; as the dog, wolf, and jackal. 



Species, Canis familiaris, the dog and its varieties. 



The usual Sub-divisions in botany are 



I. Species. 



II. Genus. 



(1) Varieties. 



(1) Sub -genus or Section. 



III. Order or Family. 



(1) Sub-order. 



(2) Tribe. 



(3) Sub-tribe. 

 IV. Class. 



(1) Sub-class. 



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