3 o8 



THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 



left interspace half an inch medial to the left lateral line. This 

 line curves downwards slightly at its centre and crosses the 

 median plane at the xiphi-sternal junction. The inferior border 

 of the anterior surface of the liver extends upwards from the 

 tip of the tenth right to the tip of the eighth left costal cartilage, 

 crossing the middle line at the transpyloric plane, and then 



FIG. 97. Surface Relations of the Liver, Stomach, Lungs, Heart 



and Pleural Sacs. 



Blue line = outline of lung. Dotted blue line = lines of pleural reflection. 

 Fine black line = heart and great vessels. Heavy black line liver. Dotted 

 black line = stomach. 



ascends to join the upper border. The right border of this 

 surface can be indicated by joining the right extremities of the 

 superior and inferior borders by means of a line which is gently 

 convex to the right. 



Tropical abscess of the liver may point on the anterior 

 surface, and can then be exposed by an oblique incision just 

 below the right costal margin. If necessary, portions of the 



