352 THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 



border so as to pass between the two groups. When this is 

 done successfully, the haemorrhage is not so great, and it is 

 easily controlled by compression of the vascular pedicle. 



Supernumerary renal arteries may be present on either side. 

 They usually arise from the aorta and enter the medial border 



FIG. no. Calculus in the Renal Pelvis. The twelfth rib is almost entirely 

 obscured by the large calculus. A smaller calculus is present in the 

 lower pole of the kidney. 



of the kidney near its lower pole. Sometimes they ascend from 

 the common iliac or they may arise above the normal renal and 

 enter the upper pole. Their occurrence must always be borne 

 in mind in excision of the kidney. 



i . The Renal Veins terminate in the inferior vena cava at the 

 transpyloric plane. Owing to the position of the vena cava on 

 the right side of the vertebral column, the right renal vein is 

 much shorter than the left, and it is consequently liable to be 



