360 THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 



with warm boracic lotion as a preliminary measure, its capacity 

 having been estimated prior to anaesthesia so as to exclude the 

 risk of over-distension. In this way the bladder is brought into 

 direct contact with the lower part of the anterior abdominal 



FIG. 112 Vesical Calculus, Antero-posterior View. Observe the positions 

 of the calculus and the ischial spines relative to the sacrum. 



wall, no peritoneum intervening (p. 359). A transverse incision, 

 about four inches long, is made a little above the pubes This 

 passes through the skin and fasciae and exposes the linea alba 

 and both rectus sheaths. A vertical incision is made in the linea 

 alba, and the two recti are retracted. If satisfactory access is 

 not obtained, the muscles may be elevated from their pubic 

 attachments so that they can be more widely separated. 



