394 THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS 



A large ovarian cyst with a long pedicle may be mistaken 

 for a movable kidney, as manipulations may be successful in 

 placing it in the loin (p. 353), but as soon as the manual pressure 

 is taken away, it tends to sink down towards the pelvis. 



The Ep-oophoron (Parovarium) lies between the two layers of the broad 

 ligament below the ampulla of the uterine tube. Cysts of the ep-oophoron 

 rarely possess a pedicle, and, as they enlarge, they separate the two layers of 

 the broad ligament. The ep-oophoron represents a persistent part of the 

 Wolffian body (p. 267) and consists of a number of small vertical tubules, 

 which join a horizontal duct. This duct usually ends blindly, but it varies in 

 length and may be continued downwards to the vagina, where it sometimes 

 opens. It is then known as the duct of Gartner, and it corresponds to the 

 ductus deferens in the male. 



Cysts may arise in the lower part of the duct and project into the vagina. 



Development of the Uterus, etc. Shortly after the appearance of 

 the Wolffian ducts (p. 267), two other longitudinal ducts appear. These 

 are known as the Mullerian ducts. At their cephalic extremities they open 

 into the body- cavity, and their caudal extremities, though ending blindly at 

 first, subsequently open into the lowest part of the cloaca. The caudal 

 two-thirds of the Mullerian ducts fuse to form the uterus and vagina, but 

 their cephalic thirds remain separate and form the uterine (Fallopian) tubes. 

 The latter retain their primitive connection with the body-cavity as the ostium 

 abdominale. 



The two Mullerian ducts, although lying side by side, may fail to fuse. 

 In this case, the vagina is divided into right and left halves by a median 

 septum and the uterus is bicornuate. The condition of bicornuate uterus 

 with a normal vagina is not uncommon. 



At first, the Mullerian duct is represented by a solid column of cells, which 

 later become canaliculised. If this process is not carried out completely, 

 the condition of atresia vagina is brought about. 



A few of the tubules of the Wolffian body persist -in the female as the 

 ep-oophoron (parovarium), and they retain their connection with the Wolffian 

 duct, which is known, in the adult, as the duct of Gsertner. 



Lymph Vessels of the Female Generative Organs. The 



lymph vessels from the body and fundus of the uterus run 

 laterally in the broad ligament. The majority of them, 

 accompanied by the lymph vessels from the ovary and the 

 uterine tube, ascend from the pelvis and join the lumbar lymph 

 glands. Of the remainder some pass to the external iliac 

 group and others associate themselves with the round ligament, 

 to terminate in the medial group of the superficial subinguinal 

 lymph glands. 



The lymph vessels from the cervix uteri and the upper part 

 of the vagina end in the hypogastric lymph glands, but those 

 from the posterior aspect establish connections with the ano- 

 rectal lymph glands (p. 372), on the walls of the rectal ampulla. 



The lymph vessels from the lower part of the vagina join the 

 medial group of the superficial subinguinal lymph glands (p. 400). 



The Uterine Artery, a branch of the hypogastric, curves 



