120 MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



II. PERFOBATA. Septa well developed ; no tabulae; dissepiments rudimen* 



tary ; sclerenchyma porous. 



5. EupsammidfB. Corallum simple or composite ; septa well developed 



and lamellar ; columella spongiose. 



6. PoritidcB. Corallum composed of spongy, reticulated sclerenchyma. 



Septa never lamellar, but consisting wholly of a more or less definite 

 series of trabeculae ; no tabulae. 



7. Madreporidce. Corallum usually composite; ccenenchyma abundant 



and spongy ; thecae porous, not distinct from the coenenchyma ; 

 septa distinct, but slightly perforate. 



III. APOKOSA. Septa well developed, completely lamellar, and primitively 



consisting of six elements; notabulse; sclerenchyma imperforate. 



8. Fungidce. Corallum simple or compound ; thecae ill developed, and 



somewhat porous; no dissepiments or tabulae; synapticulae nu- 

 merous. 



9. AstrcBidce. Corallum simple or compound ; no proper ccenenchyma ; 



numerous dissepiments; no synapticulae. Corallites well defined and 

 separated from one another by perfect walls. 



10. OculinidfB. Corallum composite; ccenenchyma abundant and com- 

 pact ; dissepiments few in number. Walls of the corallites without 

 perforations, not distinct from the ccenenchyma. 



11. Turbinolida. Corallum usually simple ; no ccenenchyma ; septa well 

 developed ; no dissepiments, nor synapticulse. 



IV. TUBULOSA. Septa indicated by mere striae ; thecae pyriform ; corallites 



sometimes connected by a creeping basal coenenchyma. 



12. Auloporidce. This being the only family in the T^lbulosa, its charac- 

 ters are necessarily the same as those of the division itself. 



Z?. ORDER RUGOSA. Characterised by the possession of a sclerodermic 

 corallum, usually with septa and tabulae combined, the former being in 

 multiples of four. The corallites are always distinct, and are never united 

 together by a ccenenchyma. The septa are usually incomplete, but are 

 never porous, and never bear synapticulae. The order is divided into the 

 following four families : 

 Family 1. Stauridce. 



Corallum simple or composite ; septa incomplete, united by lamellar 



dissepiments ; four large primary septa, forming a cross. 

 Family 2. Cyathaxonidce. 



Corallum simple ; septa complete ; no dissepiments or tabulae ; with- 

 out four primary septa. 

 Family 3. Cyathophyilidts. 



Corallum simple or composite ; septa incomplete ; tabulae generally 



present. 

 Family 4. Cystiphyllidte. 



Corallum simple, composed chiefly of a vesicular mass, with but 

 slight traces of septa. 



