218 



MANUAL OF ZOOLOGY. 



the larva differing from the imago chiefly in the absence of wings, 

 and in size; pupa usually active, or, if quiescent, capable of 

 movement* 



Fig. 64. Hemiptera. Coccus Cacti, 

 the Cochineal Insect ; the male 

 is winged, the female is wingless. 



Fig. 65. Orthoptera. Ectobius Germanica, 

 one of the Cockroaches, male and 

 female. 



ORDER IV. HEMIPTERA. Mouth suctorial, beak- shaped, con- 

 sisting of a jointed rostrum, composed of the elongated labium, 

 which forms a sheath for the bristle-shaped styliform man- 

 dibles and maxillae. Eyes compound, usually with ocelli as 

 well. Two pairs of wings. 



The Hemiptera live upon the juices of plants or animals, 

 which they are enabled to obtain by means of the suctorial 

 rostrum. Amongst the more familiar examples of this order 

 are the Plant- lice {Aphides), the Field-bug {Pentatoma), the 

 Boat-fly (Notonecta), the Cochineal Insects {Cocci) {fig. 64), 

 and the Cicadas. The order is divided into the following two 

 sub-orders : 



Sub-order a. Homoptera. The anterior pair of wings of 

 the same texture throughout (membranous) ; the mouth 

 turned backwards, so that the beak springs from the 

 back of the head. 



Sub-order 6. Heteroptera. Anterior wings membranous 

 near their apices, but chitinous towards the base 

 (hemelytra). The rostrum springing from the front of 

 the head. 



ORDER Y. ORTHOPTERA." Mouth masticatory ; wings four ; 

 the anterior pair smaller than the posterior, coriaceous or lea- 



* The Coccida, amongst the Hemiptera, undergo a complete metamor- 

 phosis. 



