GLOSSARY, 301 







LARVA (Lat. a mask). The insect in its first stage after its emergence from 

 the egg, when it is usually very different from the adult. 



LENTICULAR (Lat. lens, a bean). Shaped like a biconvex lens. 



LEPIDOPTERA ^Gr. lepis, a scale ; pteron, a wing). An order of Insects, com- 

 prising Butterflies and Moths, characterised by possessing four wings 

 which are usually covered with minute scales. 



LIGULA (Lat. ligula, a little tongue). The upper flexible portion of the 

 labium or lower lip in Insects. 



LINGUAL (Lat. lingua, the tongue). Connected with the tongue. 



LITHOCYSTS (Gr. litJios, a stone ; kustis, a cyst). The sense-organs or ' mar- 

 ginal bodies ' of the Lucernarida or Steganophthalmate Medusa;, 



LOPHOPHORE (Gr. lophos, a crest; and phero, I carry). The disc or stage 

 upon which the tentacles of the Polyzoa are borne. 



LOPHYROPODA (Gr. lophouros, having stiff hairs ; and poda, feet). An order 

 of Crustacea. 



LORICA (Lat. a breast-plate). Applied to the protective case with which 

 certain Infusoria are provided. 



LUCERNARIDA (Lat. lucerna, a lamp). An order of the Hydrozoa. 



MACRURA -(Gr. makros, long ; oura, tail). The tribe of Decapod Crustaceans 



with long tails (e. g. the lobster, shrimp, &c.). 

 MADREPORIFORM. Perforated with small holes, like a coral ; applied to the 



tubercle by which the ambulacral system of the Echinoderms mostly com- 

 municates with the exterior. 

 MALACOSTRACA (Gr. malakos, soft; ostrakon, shell). A division of Crustacea. 



Originally applied by Aristotle to the entire class Crustacea, because their 



shells were softer than those of the Mollusca. 

 MALLOPHAGA (Gr. mallos, a fleece; phago, I eat). An order of Insects, which 



are mostly parasitic upon birds. 

 MAMMALIA (Lat. mamma, the breast). The class of Vertebrate animals 



which suckle their young. 

 MANDIBLES (Lat. mandlbulum, a jaw). The upper pair of jaws in Insects ; 



also applied to one of the pairs of jaws in Crustacea and Spiders, to the 



beak of Cephalopods, &c. 

 MANTLE. The external integument of most of the Mollusca, which is largely 



developed and forms a cloak in which the viscera are protected. Techni- 

 cally called the ' pallium.' 

 MANUHRIUM (Lat. a handle). The polypite which is suspended from the 



roof of the swimming-bell of a Medusa, or from the gonocalyx of a medu- 



siform gonophore, amongst the Hydrozoa. 

 MASTAX (Gr. mouth). The muscular pharynx or ' buccal funnel ' into which 



the mouth opens in most of the Botifera. 

 MAXILLJE (Lat. jaws). The inferior pair or pairs of jaws in the Arthropods 



(Insects, Crustacea, &c.). 

 MAXILLIPEDES (Lat. maxilla, jaws ; pes, the foot). The limbs in Crustacea 



and Myriapoda, which are converted into masticatory organs, and are 



commonly called ' foot-jaws.' 

 MEDUSJE. An order of Hydrozoa, commonly known as Jelly-fishes (Disco- 



phora, or Acalephce], so called because of the resemblance ot their tentacles 



to the snaky hair of the Medusa. Many Medusce are now known to be 



merely the gonophores of Hydrozoa. 

 MEDUSIFORM. Kesembling a Medusa in shape. 

 MKDUSOID. Like a Medusa ; used substantively to designate the medusiform 



gonophores of the Hydrozoa. 

 MENTUM (Lat. the chin). The basal portion of the labium or lower lip in 



Insects. 



