320 



INDEX. 



Prosoma, 270, 278 



Prosoponiscus, 196 



Prostoniium, of Planarida 

 149 ; of Annelides, 161 



Protaster, 140 



Proteolepas, 182 



Prothorax, 210 



Protopodite, 174 



Protovirgularia, 119 



Protozoa, general characters 

 of, 39 ; classification of, 40 



Proventriculus of earth- 

 worms, 163 



Proximal, 68 



Psammobia, 257 



Pseud-embryo, 123 



Pseudo-haemal system, 161 



Pseudo-hearts, 246 



Pseudo-navicellae, 42 



Pseudopodia, 40 



Pseudoscorpionidce, 202 



Psolus, 141 



Psorospermioe, 42 

 Pteroceras, 205 



Pteropoda, 258 ; peneral cha- 

 racters of, 268 ; foot of, 

 268 ; shell of, 268 ; divisions 

 of, 269 ; distribution of, in 

 time, 283 



Ptei-ygotus, 189, 196 

 Ptilodictya, 248 

 Ptilograpsus, 94, 96 

 Ptilopora, 248 

 Ptychoceras, '280, 284 

 Pulicidce, 221 



Pulmogasteropoda,260, 262, 265 

 Pulmonaria (Arachnida), 200, 



203 

 Pulmonifera (Mollusca), 260, 



262, 265, 267 

 Pupa, 214, 215 

 Pupa, 167. 283 

 Puptna, 268 

 Purples, of wheat, 153 

 Purpura, 265 

 Pycnogonum, 201 

 Pygidium, 186, 187 

 Pyramidelia, 266 

 Pyramidellidce, 263, 266 

 l*yroi>omidce, 244 

 Pyrula, 265 



Radiata, 66 



Radiolana, 5254 



Radiohtes, 256 



Rastrites, 94 



Keproduction, general pheno- 

 mena of, 21-31 ; sexual, 22 ; 

 non-sexual, 22 



Reticulosa, 49 (see Forami- 

 nifera) 



Retiolites, 94 



Reversed shells, 230 



Rhabdoccela, 149 



Rhabdoidea, 50 



Rhabdopleura, 94 



Rhizocrinus, 134, 138 



RhizophysiatlcE, 84 



Rhizupoda, 40 ; characters of. 

 42 ; pseudopodia of, 43, 44 ; 

 divisions of, 43 



Rhizostoma, 93. 



Rhizostomidce, 88 ; definition 

 of, 89 ; development of, 27, 

 89, 90 ; structure of repro- 

 ductive zobids of, 92 



Rhynchonella, 248, 250 



Rhijnchonellidce, 245, 247 



Rhynchota (see Hemiptera) 



Ribbon-worms, 150 



Rissoa, 266 



Robulina, 48 



Rot of sheep, 147 



Rotalina, 48 



Rotatoria, 154 (see Rolifera) 



Rotifera, 141 ; characters of, 

 154; wheel-organ of, 155; 

 water-vascular system of, 

 156 ; masticatory organs of, 

 156 ; affinities of, 157 ; vita- 

 lity of, 9 ; distinctions from 

 Infusoria, 59, 157 



Round-worms, 141, 151 



Rugosa, 99, 107 ; characters 

 of, 109 ; distribution of, in 

 time, 118 ; families of, 120 



Sabella, 164, 169 



Sagitta. 169 



Salpa, 244 



Salpidce, 244 



Sand-worms. 166 



Sanguisuga, 163 



Sarcode, 39 ; characters of, 40 



Sarcoids of Sponges, 55, 57 



Sarcoptes, 202 



Sarsia, 87 



Saxicava, 257 



Scalaria, 266 



Scalpellum, 181 



Scaphites, 282 



Scaphognathite, 176 



Scissiire/la, 266 



Sclerenchyma, 103 



Sclerobasica (Zoantharia), 101, 

 103 



Sclerobasic, Corallum, 101 



Sclerodermata (Zoantharia) , 

 104 ; divisions of, 105 



Sclerodermic, Corallum, 102, 

 104 



Scolecida, characters and divi- 

 sions of, 141 



Scolex, 144, 145 



Scolitcs or Scolithus, 168 



fkolopendra, 207 



Scorpionidce, 198 ; characters 

 of, 203 ; distribution of, in 

 time, 206 



Scyllcea, 267 



ScyHaridce, 1 73 



3ea-mouse, 166 



Sea-worms, 166 



Sepia, 282 



Stpiadce, 276, 277, 282, 284 



Sepiostaire, 274, 277 



Septa, of Corals, 102 ; of the 

 shell of Tet, abranchiate Ce- 

 phalopocls, 274, 278, 279, 260 



S<-riatoporidce, 119 



Serpula, 165, 169 



Sertularida, charactel|s of, 76 ; 



hydrothecse of, 76 ; poly- 

 pites of, 77; development 

 of, 75 ; distribution of, in 

 space and time, 96 



Setas of Annelida, 161 



Shell, of Brachiopoda, 245 ; of 

 Lamellibranchiata, 251 ; of 

 Gasteropoda, 260 ; of Hetero- 

 poda, 264 ; of Pteropoda, 

 268 ; otArgonattta,274 c ,I5 ; 

 of Tetrabranchiate Cephalo- 

 poda, 279 



Sigaretus, 266 



Silicea (Sponges), 57 



Sinu-pallialia, 254, 257 



Siphonia, 58 



Siphonida, 255, 256 



Siphon op/w ra, 69 ; characters 

 of, 78 ; divisions of, 79 



Siphonostomata, 261, 262, 265, 

 283 



Siphonotreta, 248 



Siphons, of Lamellibranchiata, 

 253 ; of Gasteropoda, 260 



Siphuncle, of the shell of 

 Nautilus, 274, 278, 279 ; of 

 Belemnites, 277 ; of Tetra- 

 branchiata, 279 ; of Nauti- 

 lidcE, 279 ; of Ammonitidae, 

 280 ; of Orthoceras, 281 



Sipunculacea, 160 



Sipunculoidea, 159 



Sipunculus, 159 



Slimonia, 196 



Solarium, 266 



Sol aster, 130 



Solecurtus, 257 



Solen, 257 



Solenidce, 256, 257 



Solpugidte, 202 



Somatic cavity, of Ccelenterata, 

 66 ; of Hydrozoa, 67 ; of Hy- 

 dra, 71 ; of Actinozoa, 97 



Somatocyst, 79 



Somite, 170 ; of Crustacea, 

 173; of Arachnida, 198 



Soroidea, 50 



Spafsispongia, 58 



Spatangidce, J28 



Species, definition of, 17-20; 

 origin of, 35, 36 



Spermatophores, 272 



Sphceroma, 1!>1 



Sphceronectidce, 81 



Sphcerozouni, 53 



Spicula, of Sponges, 55, 57 ; of 

 Radiofaria,52 ; of Actinozoa, 

 103, 107 



Spiders, 204 



Spiniferites, 58 



Spinneret, of Spiders, 204 ; of 

 Caterpillars, 222 



Spirialis, 269 



Spirifer, 247 



Spiriferidce, 247 



Spiriferina, 247 



Spirorbis, 168 



Spirula, 277, 282 



Spirulidce, 277, 282 



Spirulirostra. 282 



S )lanchnoskeleton, 274 



Spondylus, 206 



