LIST OF ENGRAVINGS. XXVll 



Fig. Page 



175 Early stage of ossification of the bones of the skull, 



(Cloquet) 379 



176 The same in the adult, showing the sutures 379 



177 Dorsal vertebra, human 388 



178 Junction of vertebrae forming the spinal column .... 388 



179 Longitudinal section of the same, showing the spinal 



canal 388 



180 Elements of structure of a vertebra, (Carus) 303 



181 Skeleton of Hog, (Pander and D'Alton) 402 



182 Sternum, clavicle, and scapula ; human 402 



184 Skeleton of Cyprinus carpio, (Bonnaterre) 411 



185 Diagram illustrating the progressive motion of Fishes 412 



186 Front view of the vertebra of a Cod, {Gadus morrhua) 414 



187 Side view of the same 414 



188 Vertical and longitudinal section of a part of the spinal 



column in the same 414 



189 A similar section, showing the gradation of structure . 414 



190 Similar section in the Squalus centrina, (Carus) .... 414 



191 Bones of the shoulder of the Lophius piscatorius, (id.) 422 



192 Pectoral fin of the Raia clavata, (id.) 422 



193 Belt of bones of the shoulder of a Ray, (id.) 423 



194 Muscular system of Cyprinus alburnus, (id.) 425 



195 Air bladder of Cyprinus carpio, (Blasius) 429 



196 Eggs of the Frog 437 



197 Side view of Tadpole magnified, (Rusconi) 437 



198 Upper view of the same, (id.) 437 



199 Adult Frog 437 



200 Skeleton of Frog, (Cheselden) 441 



201 Skeleton of the Viper 447 



202 Ribs and spine of Boa constrictor, (Home) 450 



203 Bones of the foot of the same, (Mayer) 448 



204 Muscles moving the claw of the same, (id.) 448 



205 Rudimental bones of the foot of the Tortryx scytale, 



(id.) 448 



206 • of the Tortrix corallinus, (id.) 448 



207 of the Angids fragilis, (id.) 448 



208 of the Amphisbcena alba, (id.) 448 



209 of the Coluber pullutatus, (id.) 448 



