266 



Canadian Forestry Journal November, IQ15. 



saw timber to the extent of twenty- 

 one billion board feet. Four re- 

 serves exist in Alberta at the present 

 time, and these contain 16,711,776 

 acres. This province sawed in 1913, 

 44,662,000 feet of lumber of the fol- 

 lowing composition: Spruce, 93.8% ; 

 jack pine, 5%, and small quantities 

 of Douglas fir, tamarack, poplar, bal- 

 sam fir and birch. With the excep- 

 tion of birch and poplar the forests 

 of Alberta are entirely coniferous. 

 The Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce, 

 mountain fir and lodgepole pine, ex- 

 tend from British Columbia down 

 the eastern slope and mix with the 

 typically northern forest type. 



Northwest Territories. 



In the northwest territories and 

 the Yukon the forest at the present 

 time has practically no commercial 

 value. Forest cover exists but the 

 trees are not found in commercial 

 sizes or quantities. Wood is. used 

 locally for fuel, fencing and rough 

 construction, but none is sawn and 

 brought to the lumber market. The 

 country is sparsely settled; much of 

 it has never been explored. 



Saskatchewan's land area is 155,- 

 764,080 acres (243,382 square miles) 

 and the province's timber area cov- 

 ers 3,584,000 acres and contains 

 about fourteen bilion board feet. 

 The province in 1913 cut 114,800,000 

 board feet of lumber. The lumber 

 was made up of spruce (98.27o) al- 

 most entirely, with small unimpor- 

 tant quantities of tamarack, jack 

 pine and poplar. The forest reserves 

 in Saskatchewan cover an area of 

 1,152,889 acres and consist of eight 

 different reserves. 



Manitoba contains a land area of 

 148,432,640 acres (231,926 square 

 miles), of which 1,920,000 acres are 

 saw timber land with a stand of 

 some 6,850,000,000 feet of timber. 

 The northern part of this province is 

 covered with the same northern 

 forest type found in Saskatchewan 

 and eastern Alberta, but another 

 type is found in the south-eastern 

 part, sometimes called the southern 



Laurentian type. It is characterized 

 by white and red pine, cedar and 

 hemlock among the conifers and 

 such eastern hardwoods as maple, 

 yellow birch, elm, ash, basswood, 

 beech, etc. The white and red pine 

 reach Manitoba as do also the cedar, 

 black ash, white elm, and basswood; 

 the other trees of this type are us- 

 ually confined to Ontario and the 

 provinces farther east. 



Manitoba in 1913 cut a total of 

 71,961,000 feet of lumber in her saw 

 mills. Spruce formed about 90% of 

 this quantity as in the other prairie 

 provinces. Smaller quantities of 

 poplar, tamarack, jack pine, birch 

 and balsam fir are also produced. 

 Five forest reserves have been set 

 aside, containing an area of 2,629,- 

 440 acres, 



Ontario Leads Production. 



Ontario is Canada's largest lumber 

 producing province and probably 

 contains more mature standing tim- 

 ber than any other province except- 

 ing, perhaps, British Columbia. The 

 land area of Ontario has been esti- 

 mated at 234,163,200 acres (365,880 

 square miles). The greater part of 

 this area is covered with the north- 

 ern forest type of spruce, jack pine, 

 polar, balsam fir and tamarack, and 

 parts of the northwestern portion of 

 the province are treeless or covered 

 with timber of no commercial value. 

 This northern type in Ontario cov- 

 ers at least 180 million acres. South 

 of this in Ontario and, generally 

 speaking, south of the height of land 

 between the St. Lawrence and Hud- 

 son Bay basins, we find the southern 

 Laurentian type of forest which 

 covers the .southern rim of the 

 Laurentian shield of rock formation. 

 This type covers some hundred mil- 

 lion acres in Ontario and Quebec, 

 and has been estimated to contain 

 200 billion feet of saw timber. In 

 this area are situated the principal 

 forest reserves of both these prov- 

 inces. Ontario has a forest reserve 

 area of 11,539,200 acres (18,030 

 square miles) and Quebec has 111,- 



